Table 2
Published prevalence of sexually transmitted disease in women in India
| Prevalence ranges (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study population | GC | CT | Syphilis | Chancroid (clinical diagnosis) | TV | HSV (clinical diagnosis) | HPV (clinical diagnosis) | Cervical dysplasia | HBV | HIV |
| CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; GC, gonorrhoea; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HPV, human papilloma virus; HSV, Herpes simplex virus; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; TV, Trichomonas vaginalis. | ||||||||||
| Community based | ||||||||||
| Ever/currently married women20,21,55–58 | 0.0 to 4.2 | 0.5 to 28.7 | 0.2 to 8.8 | – | 4.3 to 27.4 | – | 11.8 | 3.8% grade III dysplasia | – | – |
| Unmarried and married women42,59,60 | 0.3 to 3.9 | 5.2 | 0.2 to 10.5 | – | 0.8 to 14.0 | – | – | – | 4.8 | 2.0 |
| Facility based and convenience samples | ||||||||||
| STD clinic patients45,48,49,51,52,61 | 1.3 to 10.4 | – | 29.3 to 43.3 | – | – | 4.0 to 15.4 | 6.7 to 15.6 | – | – | 1.2 to 13.6 |
| Commercial sex workers61–63 | 4.9 to 16.5 | – | 30.0 to 63 | – | – | – | 0.5 | – | – | 49.9 |
| Gynaecological OPD patients64–75 | 1.0 to 5.5 | 0.2 to 31.3 | 4.4 to 5.6 | – | 0.4 to 26.0 | 0.3 to 25.0 | 0.6 to 42.4 | 9.2% severe dyskaryosis | – | 0.0 |
| 5.4% invasive carcinoma | ||||||||||
| Antenatal patients44,64,76–79 | – | 2.3 | 1.0 to 6.2 | – | 17.8 | – | – | – | – | 0.1 to 1.2 |
| Gynaecological patients with “vaginitis” complaints80–82 | 0.0 to 2.6 | 2.6 to 12.2 | 2.2 | – | 1.6 to 17.6 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gynaecological patients with “cervical erosion”83,84 | – | 3.0 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.6% moderate dysplasia | – | – |
| 1.3% severe dysplasia | ||||||||||
| 1.8% malignant | ||||||||||
| Infertility and PID patients85–88 | 0.1 to 11.0 | 0.5 to 24.2 | 0.5 | – | 0.5 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acceptors of tubal ligation88,89 | 0.1 to 2.2 | 0.0 to 0.2 | 0.5 to 7.0 | – | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | – |
