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Sex Transm Infect 2004;80:219-222 doi:10.1136/sti.2002.003491
  • Therapy

Zafirlukast for severe recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: an open label pilot study

  1. D J White1,
  2. A Vanthuyne1,
  3. P M Wood3,
  4. J G Ayres2
  1. 1Hawthorn House, Department of Sexual Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
  2. 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
  3. 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
  1. Correspondence to:
 Dr D J White
 Hawthorn House, Department of Sexual Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK; David.whiteheartsol.wmids.nhs.uk
  • Accepted 22 September 2003

Abstract

Background: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) has been linked to allergic disease, particularly allergic rhinitis.

Objective: A pilot study to assess the possible use of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast as a treatment for recurrent VVC.

Methods: 20 women with six or more symptomatic attacks of VVC in the past year (at least four proved microbiologically). Clinical atopy determined by the International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire assessed blindly. Monitoring by daily symptom diary and self taken vaginal swabs. Treatment with zafirlukast 20 mg twice daily for 24 weeks or until three microbiologically confirmed episodes of VVC. Response assessed by daily symptom diary and self taken vaginal swabs. Subjective response scales for improvement, side effects, and change in other allergic disease completed when stopping treatment. Semistructured telephone interview 1 year after stopping medication.

Results: 14 patients (70%) reported a subjective response on the improvement response scale. Six (30%) showed a complete response with no further symptomatic attacks of VVC or negative swabs when symptomatic. Seven (37%) remained symptom free 18 months after entering the study—that is, 12 months after stopping therapy. 11 (58%) remained symptom free for at least 3 months after stopping therapy. This does not include one patient who remained symptom free but continued on zafirlukast because of an improvement in her asthma. There was no clear relation between response and atopic status. Six of nine atopic subjective responders reported improvements in other allergic symptoms. Side effects were minimal; one seemed clearly attributable to the drug.

Conclusion: Zafirlukast offers a potential new treatment for recurrent VVC that requires confirmation in controlled studies.

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