Table 2 Associations between socioeconomic factors and HSV-2, 1998–2005, in adults aged 15–44 years

	Men		Women		Crude OR	OR adjusted for age, sex, area, and period OR (95% CI)	OR adjusted for age, sex, area, period and moved in past 5 years or possession score OR (95% CI)
	HSV-2+/N	%	HSV-2+/N	%	OR (95% CI)
Moved in past 5 years					p = 0.2	p<0.001	p<0.001
No move	136/271	50.2	180/307	58.6	1	1	1
From elsewhere in district	12/62	19.4	96/146	65.8	0.90 (0.6 to 1.23)	1.40 (0.96 to 2.05)	1.50 (1.01 to 2.23)
From outside district	25/45	55.6	40/58	69.0	1.4 (0.92 to 2.18)	2.60 (1.57 to 4.28)	2.64 (1.59 to 4.40)
Occupation					p = 0.4	p = 0.6
Farmers	96/222	43.2	219/343	63.9	1	1
Non-farmers	71/150	47.3	93/162	57.4	0.88 (0.67 to 1.16)	1.09 (0.78 to 1.52)
Schooling					p = 0.002	p = 0.4
<6 Years primary	28/56	50.0	132/197	67.0	1	1
6–8 Years primary	86/184	46.7	139/236	58.9	0.67 (0.49 to 0.92)	0.79 (0.55 to 1.12)
Secondary/tertiary	58/137	42.3	44/76	57.9	0.53 (0.37 to 0.77)	0.87 (0.56 to 1.34)
Housing score					p = 0.9	p = 0.7
1 (worst)	48/117	41.0	107/166	64.5	1	1
2	32/64	50.0	42/77	54.6	0.91 (0.61 to 1.37)	0.92 (0.59 to 1.44)
3	60/120	50.0	96/163	58.9	1.01 (0.73 to 1.41)	1.11 (0.76 to 1.62)
4 (best)	29/71	40.9	65/96	67.7	1.06 (0.72 to 1.56)	1.22 (0.77 to 1.93)
Possession score					p = 0.004	p = 0.02	p = 0.03
1 (worst)	20/50	40.0	41/65	63.1	1	1	1
2	39/95	41.1	81/136	59.6	0.96 (0.61 to 1.50)	1.0 (0.61 to 1.64)	1.02 (0.62 to 1.67)
3	81/171	47.4	115/208	55.3	0.95 (0.62 to 1.44)	0.92 (0.58 to 1.45)	0.98 (0.61 to 1.56)
4 (best)	31/57	54.4	73/96	76.0	1.88 (1.14 to 3.10)	1.79 (1.03 to 3.10)	1.86 (1.06 to 3.25)

Housing score depends on housing materials.
Possession score depends on the number of household items (bicycle, motor vehicle, canoe/oxcart, bankbook, clock, radio, cattle) owned, weighted by relative value.
HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; OR, odds ratio.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 trends in relation to the HIV epidemic in northern Malawi

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