Table 4 Associations between fastidious bacteria identified by PCR, cultured bacteria and bacterial vaginosis determined by Gram stain
and Amsel’s criteria
| Bacterial vaginosis variable | Positive % | Negative % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) |
| L sanguinegens/amnionii | ||||
| Discharge | 41.9 | 38.9 | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.7) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.9) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 95.7 | 68.8 | 10.0 (1.0 to 96.4) | 14.5 (1.2 to 173.0) |
| Whiff test | 51.6 | 36.8 | 1.8 (0.6 to 5.9) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.6) |
| Clue cells >20% | 63.3 | 31.6 | 3.7 (1.1 to 12.7) | 5.7 (1.3 to 25.0) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 60.9 | 40.0 | 2.3 (0.6 to 8.8) | 2.9 (0.5 to 15.7) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 75.0 | 25.0 | 9.0 (2.2 to 37.2) | 17.7 (2.8 to 113.0) |
| UU-2 | ||||
| Discharge | 62.5 | 30.3 | 3.8 (1.1 to 13.5) | 3.4 (0.93 to 12.41) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 100.0 | 76.0 | – | – |
| Whiff test | 50.0 | 44.1 | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.2) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.7) |
| Clue cells >20% | 43.8 | 54.6 | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.2) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.4) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 57.1 | 50.0 | 1.3 (0.4 to 5.1) | 1.5 (0.3 to 6.8) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 64.3 | 53.3 | 1.6 (0.4 to 5.8) | 1.7 (0.4 to 6.9) |
| UP | ||||
| Discharge | 35.7 | 40.6 | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.0) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.9) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 81.8 | 88.5 | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.) | 0.4 (0.04 to 3.8) |
| Whiff test | 33.3 | 50.0 | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.8) | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.8) |
| Clue cells >20% | 46.7 | 54.8 | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 40.0 | 57.7 | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.2) | 0.4 (0.1 to 2.3) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 61.5 | 55.2 | 1.3 (0.3 to 4.9) | 1.4 (0.4 to 5.3) |
| A vaginae | ||||
| Discharge | 44.4 | 36.4 | 1.4 (0.4 to 4.4) | 1.2 (0.35 to 3.93) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 100.0 | 64.7 | – | – |
| Whiff test | 59.3 | 30.4 | 3.3 (1.0 to 10.8) | 3.3 (1.0 to 11.3) |
| Clue cells >20% | 66.7 | 31.8 | 4.3 (1.3 to 14.3) | 4.5 (1.3 to 16.0) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 63.6 | 37.5 | 2.9 (0.8 to 11.1) | 2.6 (0.6 to 11.4) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 83.3 | 25.0 | 15.0 (3.4 to 65.6) | 19.2 (3.7 to 98.7) |
| BVAB1 | ||||
| Discharge | 50.0 | 37.1 | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.9) | 1.7 (0.5 to 6.0) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 100.0 | 76.9 | – | – |
| Whiff test | 78.6 | 33.3 | 7.3 (1.7 to 31.3) | 8.7 (1.9 to 40.4) |
| Clue cells >20% | 85.7 | 37.1 | 10.2 (2.0 to 52.7) | 12.6 (2.2 to 71.4) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 76.9 | 40.0 | 5.0 (1.1 to 22.8) | 5.7 (1.0 to 31.1) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 92.3 | 41.9 | 16.6 (1.9 to 144.2) | 21.1 (2.2 to 198.5) |
| M hominis | ||||
| Discharge | 66.7 | 35.0 | 3.7 (0.3 to 48.6) | 3.6 (0.3 to 50.1) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 100.0 | 84.2 | – | – |
| Whiff test | 100.0 | 47.6 | – | – |
| Clue cells >20% | 100.0 | 57.1 | – | – |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 100.0 | 100.0 | – | – |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 100.0 | 57.9 | – | – |
| G vaginalis | ||||
| Discharge | 33.3 | 26.3 | 1.4 (0.3 to 7.8) | 1.2 (0.2 to 7.4) |
| Vaginal ph >4.5 | 85.7 | 82.4 | 1.3 (0.1 to 15.0) | 0.6 (0.03 to 11.4) |
| Whiff test | 55.6 | 35.0 | 2.3 (0.5 to 11.5) | 2.7 (0.5 to 15.8) |
| Clue cells >20% | 77.8 | 40.0 | 5.3 (0.9 to 32.0) | 6.1 (0.9 to 43.3) |
| BV: Amsel’s criteria | 71.4 | 31.2 | 5.5 (0.8 to 38.7) | 17.7 (1.3 to 248.1) |
| BV: Nugent’s criteria | 88.9 | 43.8 | 10.3 (1.0 to 102.8) | 6.6 (0.6 to 69.6) |
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*Adjusted for age and race. BV, bacterial vaginosis; BVAB1, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria type 1; OR, odds ratio; UP, Ureaplasma parvum; UU-2, Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 2.
