Heterosexual anal intercourse among community and clinical settings in Cape Town, South Africa
- 1University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- 2Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Correspondence to Dr S C Kalichman, Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; seth.k{at}uconn.edu
- Accepted 28 April 2009
- Published Online First 7 May 2009
Abstract
Background: Anal intercourse is an efficient mode of HIV transmission and may play a role in the heterosexual HIV epidemics of southern Africa. However, little information is available on the anal sex practices of heterosexual individuals in South Africa.
Purpose: To examine the occurrence of anal intercourse in samples drawn from community and clinic settings.
Methods: Anonymous surveys collected from convenience samples of 2593 men and 1818 women in two townships and one large city sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Cape Town. Measures included demographics, HIV risk history, substance use and 3-month retrospective sexual behaviour.
Results: A total of 14% (n = 360) men and 10% (n = 172) women reported engaging in anal intercourse in the past 3 months. Men used condoms during 67% and women 50% of anal intercourse occasions. Anal intercourse was associated with younger age, being unmarried, having a history of STI, exchanging sex, using substances, having been tested for HIV and testing HIV positive.
Conclusions: Anal intercourse is reported relatively less frequently than unprotected vaginal intercourse among heterosexual individuals. The low prevalence of anal intercourse among heterosexual individuals may be offset by its greater efficiency for transmitting HIV. Anal sex should be discussed in heterosexual HIV prevention programming.
Footnotes
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Funding Funding was provided by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism grant R01-AA017399 and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant R01-MH071160.
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Competing interests None.
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Ethics approval All of the study procedures were approved by the University of Connecticut and Human Sciences Research Council institutional review boards.
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Patient consent Obtained.
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Contributors SCK conceptualised the study, analysed the data and prepared the manuscript. LCS contributed substantially to the conceptualisation of the study and preparation of the manuscript. DC and SJ contributed substantially to the conceptualisation of the study, data management and integrity, and execution of the research.
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Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
