Scale-up and coverage of Avahan: a large-scale HIV-prevention programme among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in four Indian states
OPEN ACCESS- Ruchi Verma1,
- Abhijeet Shekhar1,
- Sharmistha Khobragade1,
- Rajatashuvra Adhikary1,
- Bitra George1,
- Banadalkoppa M Ramesh2,
- Virupax Ranebennur1,
- Sudipta Mondal3,
- Rajesh Kumar Patra4,
- Sandhya Srinivasan5,
- A Vijayaraman6,
- Sushena Reza Paul7,
- Nabesh Bohidar8
- 1Family Health International, New Delhi, India
- 2Karnataka Health Promotion Trust, Bangalore, India
- 3Pathfinder International, Maharashtra, India
- 4Hindustan Latex Family Planning Promotion Trust, Hyderabad, India
- 5India HIV/AIDS Alliance, Hyderabad, India
- 6Tamil Nadu AIDS Initiative—Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India
- 7Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- 8CARE, Delhi, India
- Correspondence to Mrs Ruchi Verma, 16, Sunder Nagar, New Delhi 110003, India; rverma{at}fhiindia.org
- Accepted 14 November 2009
Abstract
Objective Documenting the implementation of a public health programme as per its design is critical to interpretation of results from survey-led outcome and impact evaluation activities, the authors describe the scale-up and coverage of large-scale HIV-prevention services provided to female sex workers (FSWs) and high-risk men who have sex with men (HR-MSM) during the first 5 years of the Avahan programme in India.
Methods Implementing NGO partner-generated denominator estimates from 70 districts were used to estimate the programme's intended coverage. Routine programme-monitoring data until December 2008 were used to describe the service and commodity availability, service utilisation to generate internal estimates of coverage. Coverage was validated in few districts using data from a cross-sectional survey.
Results In December 2008, the estimated denominators for intended services were about 217 000 FSWs and 80 000 HR-MSM. By January 2007, 79% of eventual total clinics and 75% drop-in centres were established, and 83% of eventual peer educators were active. By month 48, sufficient condoms to cover all estimated FSW commercial sex acts were distributed free. By month 60, 75% of the estimated denominator intended to be covered was met monthly. 86% of FSWs and 67% of HR-MSM ever contacted had used sexually transmitted infections services at least once. Cross-sectional survey generated coverage results suggest that programme-monitoring data provide a proxy to coverage of services.
Conclusion Avahan's monitoring data show that Avahan achieved infrastructure scale by year 3 and high contact coverage through peers and with commodities by year 5 of implementation as per the design.
- Coverage
- programme exposure
- scale-up
- scaling-up
- Avahan
- HIV prevention
- sex worker
- men who have sex with men
- FSW
- MSM
- evaluation
- India
- monitoring
- routine monitoring
- routine data
- programme monitoring
- survey
- management information system
Footnotes
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Linked articles 038323, 038356, 038364, 038398, 038497, 038513, 038547, 038653, 038760, 038802, 038950, 039255, 039263, 039289, 039297, 040170, 040428.
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Supplementary table published online only at http://sti.bmj.com/content/vol86/issue1
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Funding This activity was funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Competing interests None.
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Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
