Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become a leading global public healthcare problem. The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate certain aspects of sexual behaviours among medical students in Sarajevo.

Methods The two parts of the survey were cross-sectional analysed among 188 and 220 students by means of valid self - reported questionnaires in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at University of Sarajevo, BaH.

Results In the first part of the survey a total of 188 students were observed, out of which in the group 18–21 of age – 35.3% males and 64.7% females and in the group of 22–25 of age – 50.9% males and 49.1% females, respectively. Sexual experiance have had 67.5% of students, out of which at the age of ≤ 16–86.9% males and 13.1% females, while at the age of ≥ 17–46.1% males and 53.69% females. In the last 12 months 56.9% males used condom each time during sexual intercourse as well as 41.5% females. In the second part of the survey a total of 220 students were observed, out of which in the group 18–21 of age-31.4% males and 68.6% females; in the group of 22–25 of age-40.5% males and 59.5% females; in the third group ≥ 26 of age-46.0% males and 54.0% females. Sexual experiance have had 53.6% of students, out of which at the age of ≤ 16–94.7% males and 0.53% females, while at the age of ≥ 17–47.5% males and 52.5% females, respectively. In the last 12 months 33.8% males used condom each time during sexual intercourse as well as 30.2% females. There was not a significant difference in condom use in relation to students knowledge about STIs (p0.05).

Conclusions Health education of youth improves their knowledge of sexual behaviour, provides support and develops skills needed for avoiding risk-taking behaviour, as well as preventing major STIs.