IL-6 and APPs: anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators

doi:10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01103-1

Immunology Today

Volume 18, Issue 9, September 1997, Pages 428-432

Immunology Today

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01103-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

Acute inflammation is accompanied by changes in the concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs), While much is known about the cytokines involved in the initiation of inflammation, less is known about the mediators involved in its resolution. Recent data suggest that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-6-regulated APPs are anti-inflammatory and immuno-suppressive, and may negatively regulate the acute phase response.

References (53)

S. Akira et al.
Adv. Immunol.
(1993)
H. Tilg et al.
Blood
(1994)
T. Sato et al.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
(1990)
R. Schindler et al.
Blood
(1990)
R.M. Crowl et al.
J. Biol. Chem.
(1991)
T. Kishimoto et al.
Blood
(1995)
L. Shapiro et al.
Exp. Cell. Res.
(1994)
H. Baumann et al.
Immunol. Today
(1994)
G. Joslin et al.
J. Biol. Chem.
(1993)
C. Galanos et al.

J.M. Alcorn et al.

Hepatology

(1992)

C.A. Dinarelio et al.

New engl J Med

(1993)

I. Olsson et al.

Eur. Cytokine Netw.

(1993)

C. Mastorakos et al.

J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

(1993)

C. Libert et al.

Eur. J. Immunol.

(1992)

P. Matthys et al.

Inject. Immun.

(1995)

T.R. Ulich et al.

Am. J. Pathol.

(1991)

H. Mizuhara et al.

J. Exp. Med.

(1994)

M. Jordan et al.

J. Immunol.

(1995)

M. Shingu et al.

Br. J. Rheumatol.

(1995)

M. Shingu et al.

Inflammation

(1994)

C. Woodroofe et al.

DNA Cell Bull.

(1992)

D. Stiffert et al.

J. Immunol.

(1995)

M. Kopf et al.

Nature

(1994)

A.J. Ramsay et al.

Science

(1994)

P. Brouckaert et al.

Circ. Shock

(1994)

Cited by (553)

Stress, aging, and inflammation
2023, Stress: Immunology and Inflammation: Handbook of Stress Series Volume 5
Aging is associated with the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, a phenomenon called “inflammaging,” which can be enhanced in the context of chronic stress. Elevated levels of inflammation have been associated with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, type II diabetes, certain cancers, and age-related health conditions such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, frailty, and cognitive decline. Several stress-related factors appear to impact the production of inflammatory mediators, providing physiological and behavioral pathways through which stress can promote inflammaging. This chapter reviews the basic physiological processes of inflammation, the relationships among aging, stress, and inflammation, and putative behavioral and physiological mechanisms linking stress and inflammaging, including the role of negative emotions, sleep, physical activity, diet, obesity, and social relationships.
Cluster of differentiation frequency on antigen presenting-cells: The next step to cervical cancer prognosis?
2022, International Immunopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
For example, secreted IL-6 leads to inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist expression, induces CD163 expression at the surface of monocytes, which results in their differentiation into M2 cells [106]. It also leads to the induction of oncogenesis during cancer and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Mcl-1 [118–120]. CD163 is usually expressed to a small extent at the M1 macrophage surface and a large extent on the M2 macrophage membrane due to its expression on the monocyte-macrophage lineage’s surface [106,107].
Viruses may transform infected cells into benign or malignant tumors, promoting cell growth and survival via various intracellular pathways. Some oncogenic DNA viruses, such as human papillomaviruses, can lead to squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Furthermore, the early HPV virus’s oncoproteins have been attributed to cancer initiation and development and tumor-enhancing action. In addition to viral oncoproteins, antigen-presenting cells (APC) and the number of clusters of differentiation (CD) markers expressed on their surface play an essential role in disease progression or tumorigenesis inhibition. This article discussed the function of CD markers in the interaction between APCs and cancer cells, immune cells’ function in the infection process, and finally infected cells’ malignancy. We investigated targeting these markers as a novel insight to create a new therapeutic or diagnosis strategy to prevent cervical cancer progression.
In vitro immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble glucans from fresh and dried Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)
2021, Carbohydrate Polymers
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a seasonal tropical fruit used by Chinese medicine in both fresh and dried pulp forms. Their polysaccharides have been reported to have biological activity. However, their composition and immune activity have not yet been disclosed. To fulfil this aim, hot water-soluble polysaccharides of fresh and dried longan pulp were fractionated according to their molecular weight by ultrafiltration (10, 50, 100 kDa cut off). The main polysaccharides recovered were 1,6-linked glucans branched at O-3 (4–8%), O-2 (1%), O-2,4 (0.1%), and O-3,4 (0.1%). The drying process promotes the solubility of the polysaccharides. These glucans from fresh and dried longan pulp have immunomodulatory activity, shown by in vitro phagocytosis, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 macrophages production assays. They showed also to inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS. The immunological activity of these glucans seems to have different responses dependent on their molecular weight, related to the immune regulatory pathways.
Evaluation of triclosan exposures on secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells
2021, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal hygiene products, such as mouthwash and toothpaste, and is found in human tissues. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) are pro-inflammatory cytokines and inappropriately elevated levels of each have been associated with pathologies including rheumatoid arthritis and certain cancers. Here we examine effects of TCS on the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cell preparations. TCS at concentrations between 0.05–5 μM consistently increased the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα within 24 h of exposure and the increases often maintained out to 6 days of exposure. TCS also induced increases in IFNγ secretion, however the increases were most consistent after 48 h of exposure rather than within 24 h. Additionally, a role for both p44/42 and p38 MAPK in TCS-stimulated increases in IL-1β was seen in cells from some donors.
Transcriptional regulation of retinol binding protein 4 by Interleukin-6 via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and CCAAT/Enhancer binding proteins
2020, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major mediator of the acute phase response (APR) that regulates the transcription of acute phase proteins (APPs) in the liver. During APR, the plasma levels of negative APPs including retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are reduced. Activation of the IL-6 receptor and subsequent signaling pathways leads to the activation of transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), which then modulate APP gene expression. The transcriptional regulation of RBP4 by IL-6 is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PPARα and C/EBP isoforms in mediating IL-6 regulation of RBP4 gene expression. IL-6 was shown to reduce the transcriptional activity of RBP4, and functional dissection of the RBP4 promoter further identified the cis-acting regulatory elements that are responsible in mediating the inhibitory effect of IL-6. The binding sites for PPARα and C/EBP present in the RBP4 promoter were predicted at −1079 bp to −1057 bp and −1460 bp to −1439 bp, respectively. The binding of PPARα and C/EBPs to their respective cis-acting elements may lead to antagonistic interactions that modulate the IL-6 regulation of RBP4 promoter activity. Therefore, this study proposed a new mechanism of interaction involving PPARα and different C/EBP isoforms. This interaction is necessary for the regulation of RBP4 gene expression in response to external stimuli, particularly IL-6, during physiological changes.
Physical exercise in kidney disease: A commonly undervalued treatment modality
2024, European Journal of Clinical Investigation

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (CA 43930, A1 15614), the American Cancer Society (ACS IM 943), the Burroughs Wellcome Foundation and the Austrian Government (grant P11379).

View full text

ViewpointIL-6 and APPs: anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators☆

Abstract

Adv. Immunol.

Blood

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

Blood

J. Biol. Chem.

Blood

Exp. Cell. Res.

Immunol. Today

J. Biol. Chem.

Hepatology

New engl J Med

Eur. Cytokine Netw.

J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

Eur. J. Immunol.

Inject. Immun.

Am. J. Pathol.

J. Exp. Med.

J. Immunol.

Br. J. Rheumatol.

Inflammation

DNA Cell Bull.

J. Immunol.

Nature

Science

Circ. Shock

Viewpoint
IL-6 and APPs: anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators☆