The relationship of bacterial vaginosis, candida and trichomonas infection to symptomatic vaginitis in postmenopausal women attending a vaginitis clinic
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Evaluation of lectin nanoscaffold based in-situ gel against vulvovaginal candidiasis causing Candida biofilms using a novel ex-vivo model
2022, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and TechnologyCitation Excerpt :Estrogen from the exogenous source like oral contraceptives can also contribute to increased colonization of C. albicans cells [39]. A study reports that about 26% of postmenopausal women experience VVC who are exposed to hormone replacement therapy [54]. The relationship between estrogen and the C. albicans colonization is not elucidated to date but reports suggest that it might be because of estrogen activity on the host or on the fungal cells [39].
The effect of hydroxyquinoline-based gel on pessary-associated bacterial vaginosis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
2015, American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyCitation Excerpt :Nonvaginal HT may not be adequate to protect the vaginal tissue from ulceration in the setting of a foreign body and prevent pessary dissatisfaction associated with this issue. In this population, vaginal HT appeared to be protective for BV at 2 weeks on the uncorrected analysis, consistent with the principle that higher estrogen levels increase glycogen production and decrease vaginal pH.14,15 However, this significant relationship was no longer seen when the analysis was corrected for patient age, and we did not observe a difference in BV at the 3 month follow-up between women using and not using vaginal HT. We also did not note any significant relationship of vaginal HT to adverse symptoms or pessary satisfaction.
Vaginal and endocervical microorganisms in symptomatic and asymptomatic non-pregnant females: Risk factors and rates of occurrence
2009, Clinical Microbiology and InfectionCitation Excerpt :The high risk in adolescents may be attributable to sexual behavioural attitudes, anatomical and/or hormonal factors, i.e. an immature cervix, alterations in cervical mucus and/or anovulatory cycles [25]. Gram-positive bacteria were the most frequently isolated microorganisms in the menopause group, probably due to the hypoestrogen-related changes of the vaginal environment (i.e. variations in biofilm formation, thinning of the vaginal epithelium, changes in quantity, viscosity and glycoprotein content of the mucus) and to variations in the immune response [26,27]. Trichomonas vaginalis infection increased with age, but not with menopause, as observed by others [28].
Infection Rate and Clinical Symptoms of Trichomoniasis among Women Referring to the Hospital in Mahshahr City in Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran
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