Route | Disease/organism |
---|---|
CT = Chlamydia trachomatis, GC = Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, HBV and HCV = hepatitis B and C virus, HPV = human papilloma virus, HSV = herpes simplex virus, TV = Trichomonas vaginalis. | |
Transplacental: | |
Intrauterine infection/ascending infection | HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, HPV |
Perinatal: | |
Transmission via the birth canal | CT, GC, TV, HSV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HIV |
Transmission via the breast milk | HIV (syphilis, HBV, HCV, risk unknown) |
Direct contact: | |
Non-sexual/autoinoculation | HPV, HSV |
Fomite transmission | ?TV, ?HPV |
Consensual sexual contact | All STIs |
Sexual assault | All STIs |
Injecting drug use or blood transfusion/blood products | HIV, HBV, HCV |