Table 1

Bivariate associations between assessed correlates and lack of recent condom use among detained adolescent males

Correlate (n)	% not using condoms	PR*	95% CI†	p Value
*Prevalence ratio.
†Confidence interval.
‡This variable served as a proxy measure of income.
§This variable (exposure to violence and crime) served as a proxy measure of risky social environments.
Demographic and history factors
16 years of age or older
Yes	40.5
No	33.3	1.21	0.86 to 1.71	0.26
Racial or ethnic minority
Yes	33.1
No	43.5	0.76	0.55 to 1.06	0.11
Ever caused a pregnancy
Yes	55.2
No	30.8	1.79	1.30 to 2.47	0.001
Ever had an STD
Yes	46.7
No	36.6	1.28	0.72 to 2.25	0.43
Personal level factors
Motivation to use condoms
High	20.6
Low	51.7	2.51	1.67 to 3.79	0.0001
Pleasure barriers to condom use
More	50.9
Less	22.5	2.26	1.53 to 3.33	0.0001
Access barriers to condom use
More	48.1
Less	26.9	1.79	1.25 to 2.55	0.001
Impulsivity
High	38.9
Low	34.6	1.12	0.78 to 1.63	0.54
Relational level factors
Partner barriers to condom use
More	47.3
Less	26.5	1.78	1.24 to 2.56	0.001
Frequency of partner communication about sex
Frequent	34.0
Infrequent	39.6	1.16	0.80 to 1.69	0.42
Partner uses hormonal contraceptives
Yes	36.4
No	36.8	0.99	0.61 to 1.61	0.99
Peer affiliations
Ever belonged to a gang
Yes	43.9
No	34.7	1.27	0.90 to 1.79	0.18
Most friends never use condoms
Agree	49.2
Disagree	31.0	1.59	1.10 to 2.28	0.015
Most friends have caused a pregnancy
Agree	47.6
Disagree	31.5	1.51	1.05 to 2.18	0.03
Family level factors
Residing with at least one parent
Yes	34.2
No	51.2	1.50	1.05 to 2.14	0.04
Frequency of discussing safer sex with parent(s)
High	40.8
Low	32.7	0.80	0.55 to 1.60	0.24
Perceived level of family support
High	38.8
Low	36.1	0.93	0.58 to 1.50	0.76
Societal level factors
Condoms are available at school clinic
Yes	33.6
No	39.4	1.17	0.80 to 1.72	0.42
Qualify for free or reduced price lunch at school‡
Yes	42.7
No	27.3	1.57	1.05 to 2.33	0.02
Witnessed extreme violence (past year)§
Yes	38.3	0.99	0.68 to 1.42	0.99
No	38.5