HIV-1 seroprevalences by potential risk factors among 13 847 MSM participants from seven countries in South America, 1999–2002
| Risk factor | Colombia | Ecuador | Peru | Bolivia | Argentina | Uruguay | Paraguay | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | % | (n/No) | |
| HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; MSM, men who have sex with men. | ||||||||||||||
| In parentheses are number of HIV positive (n)/total number participants tested (No). | ||||||||||||||
| Denominator totals varied slightly because of missing data. | ||||||||||||||
| ND, no data available. | ||||||||||||||
| *p <0.05 by χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. | ||||||||||||||
| Number of sexual contacts per week | ||||||||||||||
| None or one | 19.7 | (130/660) | 14.3* | (73/511) | 10.2* | (947/9302) | 21.3 | (58/272) | 13.9 | (76/545) | 10.0* | (1/10) | 7.1 | (2/28) |
| Two or three | – | – | 27.0 | (17/63) | 15.5 | (62/399) | 16.7 | (1/6) | 20.5 | (17/83) | 4.3 | (3/70) | 11.1 | (2/18) |
| Four or more | – | – | 26.3 | (10/38) | 25.0 | (116/464) | – | – | 14.3 | (9/63) | 19.5 | (66/338) | 17.4 | (8/46) |
| Sexually transmitted disease history | ||||||||||||||
| No | 15.8* | (64/404) | 13.1* | (52/397) | 8.7* | (713/8189) | 14.0* | (26/186) | 10.5* | (65/622) | 17.4 | (64/368) | 11.1 | (6/54) |
| Yes | 26.6 | (49/184) | 23.6 | (49/208) | 18.3 | (455/2481) | 31.9 | (30/94) | 20.3 | (36/177) | 14.0 | (7/50) | 15.8 | (6/38) |
| Sexual contact with foreigners | ||||||||||||||
| No | 19.1 | (87/456) | 14.6 | (55/378) | 10.5* | (1092/10 399) | 14.0* | (20/143) | 14.6 | (80/547) | 12.0* | (25/209) | 9.3 | (4/43) |
| Yes | 21.2 | (40/189) | 19.9 | (49/246) | 22.3 | (82/368) | 27.3 | (39/143) | 14.0 | (36/258) | 21.9 | (46/210) | 16.3 | (8/49) |
| Use of drugs | ||||||||||||||
| No | 18.4 | (65/353) | 16.8 | (78/468) | 11.1 | (1204/10 891) | 15.2* | (30/198) | 12.2 | (81/662) | 12.7* | (37/291) | 6.4 | (3/47) |
| Yes | 21.6 | (46/213) | 14.8 | (22/149) | – | – | 33.3 | (29/87) | 14.4 | (20/139) | 26.8 | (34/127) | 20.0 | (9/45) |
| Use of marijuana | ||||||||||||||
| No | 19.6 | (81/414) | 17.3 | (89/513) | 11.1 | (1204/10 891) | 18.3 | (41/224) | 15.0 | (104/693) | 16.5 | (59/357) | 9.4 | (5/53) |
| Yes | 20.2 | (38/188) | 12.0 | (13/108) | – | – | 29.5 | (18/61) | 11.9 | (15/126) | 19.4 | (12/62) | 17.9 | (7/39) |
| Use of heroin | ||||||||||||||
| No | 19.7 | (113/573) | 16.5 | (101/612) | 11.1 | (1204/10 891) | 20.6 | (59/286) | 14.6 | (119/815) | 17.0 | (71/418) | 12.5 | (11/88) |
| Yes | 21.4 | (3/14) | 0.0 | (0/4) | – | – | – | – | 0.0 | (0/3) | 0.0 | (0/1) | 25.0 | (1/4) |
| Use of cocaine | ||||||||||||||
| No | 19.0 | (96/505) | 16.2 | (95/587) | 11.1 | (1204/10 891) | 17.4* | (41/236) | 14.4 | (110/765) | 13.8* | (45/327) | 6.0* | (4/67) |
| Yes | 25.6 | (21/82) | 20.0 | (6/30) | – | – | 36.7 | (18/49) | 16.7 | (9/54) | 28.3 | (26/92) | 29.2 | (7/24) |
| Highest drug use profile | ||||||||||||||
| None | 19.0 | (87/459) | 16.2 | (91/561) | 11.1 | (1204/10 891) | 15.0* | (30/200) | 14.5 | (99/682) | 12.7* | (37/292) | 6.4 | (3/47) |
| Use of non-injecting drugs | 21.5 | (42/195) | 20.3 | (12/59) | – | – | 33.3 | (28/84) | 14.8 | (20/135) | 26.1 | (31/119) | 20.0 | (9/45) |
| Use of injecting drugs | 16.7 | (1/6) | 16.7 | (2/12) | – | – | 50.0 | (1/2) | 0.0 | (0/2) | 37.5 | (3/8) | – | – |
| Use of alcohol | ||||||||||||||
| No | 20.9 | (14/67) | 18.7 | (17/91) | ND | ND | 30.8 | (8/26) | 12.0 | (44/368) | 19.9 | (37/186) | 0.0 | (0/10) |
| Yes | 19.3 | (106/548) | 16.2 | (86/532) | ND | ND | 19.6 | (50/255) | 13.2 | (57/433) | 14.6 | (34/233) | 14.6 | (12/82) |
| Blood transfusion history | ||||||||||||||
| No | 19.8 | (122/617) | 16.4 | (96/586) | ND | ND | 21.1 | (56/266) | 14.3 | (112/782) | 17.2 | (69/402) | ND | ND |
| Yes | 16.7 | (5/30) | 16.2 | (6/37) | ND | ND | 11.8 | (2/17) | 19.4 | (7/36) | 7.1 | (1/14) | – | – |