Outcome and study setting | Ref | Period | Population | Study design | Cases | Age (years) | Incidence per 1000 woman years | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Data from city disease registry. Not clear if primary care cases are included. Authors estimated rate of chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease as 1.7 cases per 1000 woman years. | |||||||||
‡Inpatient episodes only of pelvic inflammatory disease as a result of any cause. | |||||||||
§Hospital cases from hospital registers. All cases ascertained by patient report. Data collected at 1 year after intervention so assumed that each woman contributed 1 woman year of follow up. 45% lost to follow up. Includes pelvic inflammatory disease as a result of any cause. | |||||||||
¶Cases ascertained from health insurance records. | |||||||||
**From record linkage. | |||||||||
Pelvic inflammatory disease | |||||||||
All women | Overall | Screened | Unscreened | ||||||
Amsterdam, Netherlands | 8 | 1990 | Population based | Disease register | Hospital† | 15–44 | 4.85 | .. | .. |
South Carolina, USA | 10 | 1996–8 | Military recruits | Cohort study | Clinical‡ | 80%<25 at entry | .. | 4.6 | 5.1 |
Aarhus, Denmark | 11 | 1997–8 | Population based | Randomised trial | Hospital§ | 16–17 at entry | 6.5 | 2.4 | 11.5 |
All cases§ | 31.2 | 19.2 | 53.2 | ||||||
Seattle, USA | 12 | 1990–2 | High risk women | Randomised trial | All cases¶ | 18–34 at entry | 16.9‡ | 9.6 | 21.6 |
England and Wales | 13 | 1991–2 | Population based | Cross sectional | Primary care | 16–46 | 16.7 | .. | .. |
Women with chlamydia | |||||||||
Massachussetts, USA | 14 | 1988–1 | Population based | Cohort study | All cases¶ | 20–29 at entry | 56.3† | .. | .. |
Ectopic pregnancy | Overall | Chlamydia + | Chlamydia - | ||||||
N Jutland, Denmark | 15 | 1984–2003 | Population based | Cohort study | Hospital** | 15–43 at entry | 3.5 | 8.6 |