Sociodemographic factors
| | | |
Age* (younger) | <0.001 | 1.07 | 1.04 to 1.10 |
Born outside the province of Quebec, Canada | 0.137 | 1.49 | 0.88, 2.53 |
Language spoken at home (French v English, other) | 0.091 | 0.65 | 0.40 to 1.07 |
Living alone | 0.026 | 0.60 | 0.38 to 0.94 |
Education (Undergraduate or greater) | 0.031 | 1.66 | 1.05 to 2.62 |
Main source of income‡ (full/part-time work v social security, disability, pension, other) | 0.003 | 2.00 | 1.26 to 3.15 |
Annual personal income (÷ $1000), last year | | | |
<20 | | 1 | – |
20–39 | 0.015 | 2.07 | 1.15 to 3.71 |
⩾40 | <0.001 | 3.06 | 1.71 to 5.47 |
Clinical markers and treatment experience
| | | |
Year of HIV diagnosis* (more recent diagnosis) | 0.013 | 1.06 | 1.01 to 1.11 |
Ever taken antiretrovirals (yes) | 0.141 | 2.31 | 0.76 to 7.04 |
Presently taking antiretrovirals (yes) | 0.556 | 1.20 | 0.65 to 2.20 |
Year first started antiretrovirals* (more recently on antiretroviral) | 0.003 | 1.10 | 1.03 to 1.16 |
Viral load (<50/ml) on most recent test‡ | 0.448 | 0.83 | 0.51 to 1.34 |
CD4 count (⩾350) on most recent test‡ | 0.161 | 1.42 | 0.87 to 2.31 |
Protease inhibitor containing antiretroviral regimen | 0.006 | 0.52 | 0.33 to 0.83 |
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exclusive antiretroviral regimen | 0.049 | 1.95 | 1.00 to 3.80 |
Adherence to antiretroviral regimen (all pills, last 7 days) | 0.824 | 1.06 | 0.64 to 1.74 |
Number and severity of symptoms due to antiretrovirals‡* | 0.871 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 |
Subjective experience of antiretrovirals (negative to very negative) | 0.100 | 1.97 | 0.88 to 4.41 |
Health and wellbeing indicators
| | | |
Perceived physical health‡ (good to excellent) | 0.908 | 1.03 | 0.59 to 1.81 |
Perceived psychological health‡ (good to excellent) | 0.175 | 0.71 | 0.44 to 1.16 |
Depressive symptoms and anxiety‡* | 0.144 | 1.22 | 0.94 to 1.58 |
Limitations on activities daily life‡ (often to very often) | 0.879 | 0.96 | 0.55 to 1.66 |
Perceived severity of worsening HIV disease* | 0.355 | 1.17 | 0.84 to 1.62 |
Perceived susceptibility to worsening HIV disease* | 0.316 | 0.88 | 0.68 to 1.13 |
Treatment related perceptions
| | | |
Importance of antiretrovirals to personal health and wellbeing* | 0.012 | 0.76 | 0.61 to 0.94 |
Treatment optimism (HIV/AIDS less frightening, controllable, almost over)* | 0.599 | 1.07 | 0.82 to 1.40 |
HIV pos people taking antiretrovirals live longer than those who don’t* | 0.060 | 1.27 | 0.99 to 1.63 |
Less safer sex practised by MSM because of treatment advances* | 0.008 | 1.38 | 1.09 to 1.74 |
There is greater acceptance of HIV pos people and social integration because of treatment advances* | 0.920 | 0.99 | 0.76 to 1.29 |
Antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of transmitting HIV* | 0.221 | 1.18 | 0.91 to 1.53 |
Less worry in having unprotected sex because of PEP* | 0.059 | 1.35 | 0.99 to 1.83 |
Sexual preferences and drug use
| | | |
Sexual sensation seeking* | <0.001 | 1.59 | 1.25 to 2.01 |
Satisfaction with sex life*‡ | <0.001 | 1.51 | 1.26 to 1.81 |
Alcohol during sexual relations‡ (at least once) | <0.001 | 3.10 | 1.95 to 4.92 |
“Poppers” during sexual relations‡ (at least once) | <0.001 | 5.34 | 3.30 to 8.65 |
Viagra during sexual relations‡ (at least once) | <0.001 | 2.71 | 1.55 to 4.74 |
Cocaine during sexual relations‡ (at least once) | 0.002 | 3.23 | 1.53 to 7.09 |
Beliefs and attitudes towards HIV prevention
| | | |
Safer sex fatigue* | <0.001 | 1.91 | 1.50 to 2.42 |
Having unprotected receptive anal sex is less risky than having unprotected insertive anal sex* | <0.001 | 3.27 | 2.04 to 5.22 |
Less important to protect self/others against HIV transmission/re-infection and other STI* | <0.001 | 3.00 | 2.12 to 4.26 |
Less personal responsibility in preventing the spread of HIV* | <0.001 | 2.87 | 1.97 to 4.18 |
Less anticipated regrets if unprotected insertive anal sex with an HIV negative partner* | 0.002 | 1.46 | 1.15 to 1.86 |
Interpersonal/contextual/social factors
| | | |
Having had at least one regular sex partner‡ | <0.001 | 3.65 | 2.19 to 6.09 |
Having had at least one casual sex partner‡ | <0.001 | 5.39 | 3.09 to 9.38 |
Having met at least one new sexual partner in a sauna‡ | <0.001 | 4.73 | 2.91 to 7.67 |
Proportion of HIV positive anal sex partners‡ | | | |
0% | | 1 | – |
<50% | <0.001 | 18.49 | 8.32 to 41.08 |
⩾50% | <0.001 | 13.10 | 6.29 to 27.25 |
Experience of discrimination, rejection for being HIV pos* | 0.779 | 1.03 | 0.83 to 1.29 |
Fear of disclosure, others finding out* | 0.185 | 1.14 | 0.94 to 1.38 |
Friends knowing about your HIV status (none to a few) | 0.125 | 1.42 | 0.91 to 2.22 |
Having someone to confide in | 0.818 | 1.10 | 0.48 to 2.52 |
Having someone that can help/instrumental support | 0.840 | 1.08 | 0.53 to 2.17 |
Having someone close, affectionate/emotional support | 0.819 | 1.09 | 0.54 to 2.19 |
Feeling isolated or alone (never or rarely)‡ | 0.550 | 0.95 | 0.79 to 1.13 |
Satisfaction with social life‡* | 0.063 | 0.84 | 0.71 to 1.01 |