| Country | Observed HIV prevalence among tested respondents | Predicted HIV prevalence among non-tested respondents | Adjusted prevalence among all eligible respondents | |||||
| Interview status | Reason not tested | Total non-tested | ||||||
| Interviewed | Not interviewed | Refused | Absent | Other/ missing | ||||
| Burkina Faso 2003 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 1.94 | 2.68 | 2.48 | 2.91 | 2.52 | 2.11 | 2.57* | 2.02 |
| Female (15–49) | 1.83 | 3.56 | 2.30 | 3.71 | 2.35 | 2.78 | 3.15* | 1.94 |
| Cambodia 2005 | ||||||||
| Male (15–49) | 0.62 | 1.07 | 0.79 | 1.09 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.64 |
| Female (15–49) | 0.61 | 1.49 | 0.61 | 1.41 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 1.02 | 0.63 |
| Cameroon 2004 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 3.91 | 5.17 | 5.10 | 5.44 | 5.00 | 3.71 | 5.13* | 4.04 |
| Female (15–49) | 6.75 | 8.73 | 8.24 | 8.72 | 8.87 | 7.12 | 8.51* | 6.90 |
| Cote d’Ivoire 2005 | ||||||||
| Male (15–49) | 2.86 | 3.39 | 3.21 | 3.22 | 3.48 | 2.29 | 3.29 | 2.98 |
| Female (15–49) | 6.40 | 6.89 | 7.73 | 7.15 | 7.93 | 6.05 | 7.29* | 6.64 |
| Ethiopia 2005 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 0.92 | 1.44 | 1.23 | 1.44 | 1.30 | 0.87 | 1.34* | 0.99 |
| Female (15–49) | 1.86 | 3.46 | 3.23 | 3.50 | 4.07 | 1.62 | 3.39* | 2.06 |
| Ghana 2003 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 1.66 | 2.14 | 1.62 | 2.27 | 1.50 | 2.40 | 1.98 | 1.72 |
| Female (15–49) | 2.70 | 2.97 | 2.46 | 3.10 | 2.40 | 2.56 | 2.77 | 2.70 |
| India 2005–6 | ||||||||
| Male (15–54) | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.50* | 0.38 |
| Female (15–49) | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.28* | 0.23 |
| Kenya 2003 | ||||||||
| Male (15–54) | 4.71 | 4.47 | 5.81 | 4.83 | 5.54 | 4.28 | 5.11 | 4.81 |
| Female (15–49) | 8.70 | 6.82 | 9.24 | 7.19 | 8.00 | 7.59 | 7.46* | 8.45 |
| Lesotho 2004 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 18.94 | 19.12 | 19.18 | 18.94 | 18.32 | 20.66 | 19.15 | 19.01 |
| Female (15–49) | 26.37 | 25.17 | 24.54 | 25.70 | 23.80 | 23.72 | 25.00 | 26.09 |
| Malawi 2004 | ||||||||
| Male (15–54) | 10.23 | 9.53 | 11.37 | 9.44 | 12.74 | 9.31 | 10.20 | 10.22 |
| Female (15–49) | 13.32 | 12.14 | 12.68 | 12.02 | 13.01 | 13.28 | 12.24 | 12.99 |
| Rwanda 2005 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 2.24 | 3.00 | 3.16 | 4.42 | 2.87 | 3.26 | 3.09* | 2.28 |
| Female (15–49) | 3.61 | 5.74 | 3.84 | 5.21 | 4.53 | 4.75 | 4.64 | 3.64 |
| Uganda 2004–5 | ||||||||
| Male (15–59) | 5.15 | 3.88 | 4.52 | 3.87 | 4.41 | 5.16 | 4.28* | 5.03 |
| Female (15–59) | 7.29 | 6.24 | 7.01 | 6.58 | 6.86 | 5.92 | 6.58* | 7.22 |
| Tanzania 2003 | ||||||||
| Male (15–49) | 6.26 | 6.84 | 7.38 | 6.99 | 7.37 | 5.45 | 7.04* | 6.44 |
| Female (15–49) | 7.70 | 8.40 | 7.20 | 8.36 | 7.29 | 6.94 | 8.11 | 7.77 |
| Zimbabwe 2005–6 | ||||||||
| Male (15–54) | 14.75 | 15.28 | 17.38 | 15.79 | 16.67 | 19.05 | 16.35* | 15.28 |
| Female (15–49) | 21.12 | 19.90 | 21.38 | 20.06 | 21.48 | 20.71 | 20.51 | 20.97 |
*Significantly different from the observed prevalence at p<0.05.
Variables for predicting HIV prevalence in the “not interviewed, not tested” group included age, education, wealth index, residence and geographic region.
Additional variables for predicting HIV in the “interviewed, not tested” group included: marital status; childbirth in last five years (women only); work status; media exposure; ethnicity; religion; circumcision (men only); STI or STI symptoms in the last 12 months; alcohol use at last sex in the last 12 months; number of sex partners in the last 12 months; cigarette smoking/tobacco use; age at first sex; number of lifetime sexual partners; number of sexual partners in the last 12 months; condom use at last sex in the last 12 months; higher-risk sex (sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner) in the last 12 months; knowledge of prevention methods (abstinence, being faithful and condom use); attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). Woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with spouse; woman’s participation in household decision-making (women only); number of medical injections in the last 12 months; duration of stay in current place of residence; number of times slept away in the last 12 months (men only); away (from usual place of residence) for more than one month in the last 12 months (men only); and previously tested for HIV. The list of additional variables used varied slightly from country to country, depending on the availability of information.