Table 1

Non-microbiological determinants that directly contribute to antimicrobial resistance

Non-microbiological determinants directly contributing to antimicrobial resistance
Drug prescribing, quality and access

  • Prescribed use of inappropriate drugs and doses

  • Variable quality of generic antimicrobial agents

  • Lack of access to efficacious antimicrobial agents (stock-outs)

Consumer and provider health education

  • Lack of information dissemination and training regarding antimicrobial resistance (clinical staff, general public)

  • Readily available non-clinical access to antimicrobial agents (pharmacies, traditional healers, self-prescribing)

  • Lack of adherence to the prescribed course of antimicrobial agents

Importation of antimicrobial resistant strains

  • Leisure and occupationally related travel