Table 5

Other health services studies

Citation	Author	Date	Country	HIV prevalence (%)	Intervention	Scale	Integration detail	Costing methods	Findings summary
W50	Schackman	2011	USA	0.6	Substance abuse treatment	Pilot 10 clinics	One stop Same structure or same clinician	Economic Incremental costs Societal perspective	Median range difference between costs for integrated care and non-integrated care was $14 ($67–$76). Costs for integrated care are higher at 7 sites. At the remaining 2 sites with comparison groups, costs were lower for integrated care due to fewer encounters with physicians.
W51	Weaver	2009	USA	0.6	Treatment for mental health and substance abuse disorders in triply diagnosed patients	RCT 4 hospitals	One stop Same structure	Economic Full costs Health service perspective	Total average monthly cost of health services for the intervention group decreased from $3235 to $3052 and for the control group decreased from $3556 to $3271, but the decreases were not significant. There is not enough evidence to either limit continued exploration of integration of care for triply diagnosed patients or adopt policies to encourage it.
W52	Nyamuryekung'e	1997	Tanzania	7.9	STD component integrated into HIV prevention programmes at truck stops	Pilot	(1) One stop; in PHC building at special times (2) One stop; integrated into PHC (3) One stop; mobile outreach	Costing not clear Incremental costs Health service perspective	(1) Special times: $18.35 per client (2) Integrated into PHC: $17 per client (3) Mobile outreach: $17.58 per client

All costs adjusted to 2010 USD.
PHC, primary healthcare; STD; sexually transmitted disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial.