Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses using generalised estimating equations (GEE) of determinants associated with carcinogenic HPV positivity among the 813 women recruited at a family planning clinic in Paramaribo, Suriname, 2009–2010
| Carcinogenic HPV positive* 227/813 (27.9) n/N (%) | Univariable OR (95% CI) | p Value | Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI)† | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (per 10 years increase) | 0.69 (0.57 to 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94) | 0.010 | |
| Education | 0.739 | ||||
| Low | 71/274 (25.9) | 1 | |||
| Medium | 120/424 (28.3) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | |||
| High | 36/111 (32.4) | 1.18 (0.78 to 1.78) | |||
| Unknown | 0/4 (0) | Not applicable | |||
| Ethnic group | <0.001 | 0.026 | |||
| Creole | 67/199 (33.7) | 2.23 (1.48 to 3.35) | 1.90 (1.27 to 2.85) | ||
| Hindustani | 37/224 (16.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Javanese | 39/145 (26.9) | 1.77 (1.12 to 2.78) | 1.25 (0.78 to 1.99) | ||
| Maroon | 26/85 (30.6) | 1.94 (1.16 to 3.23) | 1.48 (0.88 to 2.50) | ||
| Mixed | 53/136 (39.0) | 2.59 (1.69 to 3.98) | 1.67 (1.06 to 2.62) | ||
| Other‡ | 4/21 (19.0) | 1.14 (0.39 to 3.31) | 0.85 (0.28 to 2.45) | ||
| Ethnic sexual mixing | <0.001 | 0.005 | |||
| Assortative only | 118/502 (23.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Disassortative | 100/275 (36.4) | 1.74 (1.33 to 2.27) | 1.50 (1.13 to 1.99) | ||
| Condom use | 0.263 | ||||
| Always | 32/78 (41.0) | 1 | |||
| Never or inconsistent | 195/726 (26.9) | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.19) | |||
| Number of partners in preceding month | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 9/34 (26.5) | 1 | |||
| 1 | 195/735 (26.5) | 1.20 (0.58 to 2.51) | |||
| >1 | 18/33 (54.5) | 2.91 (1.24 to 6.82) | |||
| Number of partners in preceding 12 months | <0.001 | 0.005 | |||
| ≤1 | 163/654 (24.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥2 | 64/159 (40.4) | 1.80 (1.35 to 2.40) | 1.53 (1.13 to 2.06) | ||
| Sex in exchange for money or goods | 0.035 | ||||
| No | 220/791 (27.8) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 3/6 (50.0) | 2.85 (1.08 to 7.56) | |||
| Chlamydia trachomatis infection | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 191/735 (26.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 36/78 (46.2) | 2.26 (1.61 to 3.18) | 1.89 (1.32 to 2.70) |
*Of the 25 types covered by LiPA25, we classified 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 as carcinogenic.
†HPV type was included in the multivariable model, apart from the variables shown in the table.
‡Other: Caucasian, Chinese, indigenous Amerindian.
HPV, human papillomavirus.