Univariable and multivariable analysis of cumulative risk of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in 172 high-risk women in Burkina Faso
| Characteristics* | Visits with NG or CT n/N (%) (N=1135) | Unadjusted OR† (95% CI) | p Value‡ | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups, years | |||||
| 18–24 | 4/145 (2.8) | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 0.02 |
| 25–34 | 9/541 (1.7) | 0.59 (0.18 to 1.98) | 0.99 (0.19 to 5.28) | ||
| ≥35 | 1/445 (0.2) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.72) | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.92) | ||
| Education | |||||
| None | 10/522 (1.9) | 1.0 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.02 |
| Primary/above | 4/609 (0.7) | 0.34 (0.10 to 1.10) | 0.17 (0.03 to 0.92) | ||
| Regular tobacco use | |||||
| No | 12/1102 (1.1) | 1.0 | 0.08 | 1.0 | 0.05 |
| Yes | 2/33 (6.1) | 5.96 (1.19 to 29.87) | 11.85 (1.13 to 124.17) | ||
| Hormonal contraceptive use | |||||
| None | 11/937 (1.2) | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 0.04 |
| Oral contraceptives | 0/99 (0) | NE | NE | ||
| DMPA | 3/39 (7.7) | 7.02 (1.87 to 26.25) | 5.83 (0.90 to 37.70) | ||
| Number of sex acts in past week | |||||
| 0 | 2/393 (0.5) | 1.0 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.34 |
| 1–4 | 6/373 (1.3) | 3.23 (0.55 to 19.10) | 2.55 (0.43 to 14.91) | ||
| ≥5 | 3/120 (2.5) | 5.67 (0.81 to 39.77) | 3.93 (0.54 to 28.78) | ||
| Concurrent CD4 count | |||||
| ≥100 cells/μL | 12/1101 (1.1) | 1.0 | 0.02 | 1.0 | 0.29 |
| <100 cells/μL | 2/16 (12.5) | 14.20 (2.36 to 85.38) | 4.54 (0.36 to 57.00) | ||
| eCVL HIV-1 RNA detected | |||||
| No | 7/791 (0.9) | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 0.03 |
| Yes | 7/276 (2.5) | 2.92 (1.00 to 8.52) | 4.78 (1.17 to 19.46) | ||
*Denominators vary due to missing data.
†ORs determined by random effects logistic regression.
‡p Values calculated using likelihood ratio tests; Factors not associated with infection with NG or CT in univariable analysis (and therefore not presented) were regular alcohol use, full-time sex work, reported condom use, regular vaginal washing, antibiotic use in the past month, abnormal vaginal discharge on exam, genital ulcers or vesicles on exam, abnormal cervical exam, genital warts, concurrent bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, or HSV-2 DNA, presence of Y-PCR, HIV-1 plasma viral load, time since sample collection, or antiretroviral status.
CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; DMPA, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; eCVL, enriched cervico-vaginal lavage; NE, not estimable; NG, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.