Characteristics and test results of the study population comparing the group with cervical ectopy (≥10% of the area) to those without ectopy
| Ectopy (%)* | No ectopy (%)* | OR (95% CI) | p Value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||||
| Total | 189 (100) | 505 (100) | |||
| Age | <19 | 81/188 (43) | 276/496 (56) | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.84) | 0.003 |
| Never been pregnant | 47/187 (25) | 252/495 (51) | |||
| Pregnant at least once | 141/187 (75) | 243/495 (49) | 3.11 (2.14 to 4.52) | <0.001 | |
| Years since menarche | 0–4 | 66 (35) | 210 (43) | ||
| 5–6 | 65 (35) | 167 (34) | 1.24 (0.83 to 1.84) | 0.293 | |
| ≥7 | 57 (30) | 115 (23) | 1.58 (1.04 to 2.40) | 0.034 | |
| Infections | |||||
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 55/157 (35) | 89/412 (22) | 1.96 (1.31 to 2.93) | 0.001 | |
| HIV | 53/165 (32) | 106/407 (26) | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.99) | 0.142 | |
| Herpes simplex virus | 6/158 (4) | 26/408 (6) | 0.58 (0.23 to 1.44) | 0.239 | |
| Syphilis | 6/147 (4) | 9/344 (3) | 1.58 (0.55 to 4.53) | 0.388 | |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 40/170 (24) | 87/424 (21) | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.82) | 0.419 | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 38/156 (24) | 70/412 (17) | 1.57 (1.01 to 2.46) | 0.046 | |
| Bacterial vaginosis | 75/149 (50) | 217/394 (55) | 0.83 (0.57 to 1.21) | 0.323 | |
| Any sexually transmitted infection‡ | 102/150 (68) | 204/355 (58) | 1.57 (1.05 to 2.35) | 0.027 | |
| Grainy sandy patch§ | 28/189 (15) | 70/505 (14) | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.74) | 0.748 | |
| Contraceptives | |||||
| Contraceptive injection | 61/187 (33) | 143/494 (29) | 1.19 (0.83 to 1.71) | 0.350 | |
| Contraceptive pills | 5/187 (3) | 5/493 (1) | 2.68 (0.77 to 9.37) | 0.148¶ | |
| Condom use (last intercourse) | 64/140 (46) | 158/380 (42) | 1.18 (0.80 to 1.75) | 0.398 | |
| Behavioural factors | |||||
| Number of lifetime partners | ≥3 | 41/186 (22) | 147/492 (30) | 0.66 (0.45 to 0.99) | 0.042 |
| Alcohol, age at debut** | ≤15 | 24/187 (13) | 82/491 (17) | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.11) | 0.119 |
| >15 | 83/187 (44) | 229/491 (47) | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.17) | 0.272 | |
| Drugs (ever used) | 11/188 (6) | 51/494 (10) | 0.54 (0.28 to 1.06) | 0.069 | |
| Years since sexual debut | ≥3 | 95/187 (51) | 183/492 (37) | 1.74 (1.24 to 2.45) | 0.001 |
| Age at sexual debut | ≤15 | 52 (28) | 112 (23) | ||
| 16 | 49 (26) | 167 (34) | 0.63 (0.40 to 1.00) | 0.049 | |
| ≥17 | 86 (46) | 215 (44) | 0.86 (0.57 to 1.30) | 0.480 | |
| Days since last intercourse | ≤7 | 53/186 (28) | 135/488 (28) | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.40) | 0.830 |
| Anal sex | 8/187 (4) | 13/494 (3) | 1.65 (0.67 to 4.06) | 0.267 | |
| Forced sex | 20/188 (11) | 45/494 (9) | 1.19 (0.68 to 2.07) | 0.543 | |
*Denominators vary according to specimens available for testing or missing answers in the questionnaire.
†χ2 test.
‡Not including HIV.
§Diagnosed by colposcopy, pathognomonic for female genital schistosomiasis.19
¶Fisher's exact test.
**Those who reported to never have tasted alcohol served as reference group.