Sociodemographic and risk behaviours by gender
| Total (n=200) n (%) | Male (n=119) n (%) | Female (n=81) n (%) | p Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (13–19) | 15 (13–18) | 18 (15–20) | <0.01 |
| Parent/adult in life | ||||
| Double orphan† | 50 (25.0) | 22 (18.5) | 28 (34.6) | |
| Single orphan‡ | 97 (48.5) | 64 (53.8) | 33 (40.7) | |
| Both parents alive | 53 (26.5) | 33 (27.7) | 20 (24.7) | 0.05 |
| Adult caregiver/guardian in life | 157 (78.5) | 100 (84.0) | 57 (70.4) | 0.05 |
| Seen <once a month | 89 (44.5) | 63 (52.9) | 26 (32.1) | 0.01 |
| Schooling | ||||
| Ever in school | 168 (84.0) | 104 (87.4) | 64 (79.0) | 0.11 |
| >Standard 4 | 77 (45.8) | 32 (30.8) | 45 (70.3) | <0.01 |
| Street life | ||||
| ‘Of’ the street | 143 (71.5) | 101 (84.9) | 42 (51.9) | |
| ‘On’ the street | 57 (28.5) | 18 (15.1) | 39 (48.1) | <0.01 |
| ≥3 years on the street | 128 (64.0) | 83 (69.8) | 45 (55.6) | 0.04 |
| Earn less than 100 KES per day | 103 (52.3) | 63 (52.9) | 40 (51.3) | 0.82 |
| Ever had police involvement | 122 (61.0) | 89 (74.8) | 33 (40.7) | <0.01 |
| Reason for coming to the streets—alcoholism/violence at home | 56 (28.0) | 44 (37.0) | 12 (14.8) | <0.01 |
| Substance use | ||||
| Drug use—alcohol | 91 (45.5) | 49 (41.2) | 42 (51.9) | 0.14 |
| Drug use—any | 154 (77.0) | 104 (87.4) | 50 (61.7) | <0.01 |
| Sexual activity | ||||
| Ever had sex | 129 (64.5) | 72 (60.5) | 57 (70.4) | 0.15 |
| Total (n=129) | Male (n=72) | Female (n=57) | ||
| Sexual risk behaviours | ||||
| Median age at sexual debut (IQR) | 13 (11–15) | 12.5 (10–14.5) | 15 (13–16) | 0.05 |
| First sex involuntary | 18 (14.0) | 3 (4.2) | 15 (26.3) | <0.01 |
| First partner >5 years older | 12 (9.3) | 4 (5.6) | 8 (14.0) | 0.13 |
| Same sex partner | None | None | None | Xx |
| Oral Sex | 18 (14.0) | 9 (12.5) | 9 (15.8) | 0.62 |
| Anal Sex | 5 (3.9) | 3 (4.2) | 2 (3.5) | 0.85 |
| Transactional sex | 34 (17.0) | 8 (6.7) | 26 (32.1) | <0.01 |
| Ever forced to have sex | 33 (16.5) | 6 (5.0) | 27 (33.3) | <0.01 |
| Number of partners | ||||
| Median lifetime # partners (IQR) | 4 (1–9) | 4 (1–10) | 4.5 (2–9) | 0.42 |
| Median # partners in 6 months (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.32 |
| Condom use | ||||
| Condom use at last vaginal sex | 23 (17.8) | 8 (11.1) | 15 (26.3) | 0.03 |
| ‘Always’/'most of the time’ use condoms | 23 (17.8) | 7 (9.7) | 16 (28.1) | 0.01 |
| ‘Never’ use condoms | 76 (58.9) | 50 (69.4) | 26 (45.6) | 0.01 |
| Access to condoms | 144 (72.0) | 92 (77.3) | 52 (64.2) | 0.04 |
| Access to free condoms | 78 (39.0) | 47 (39.5) | 31 (38.3) | 0.12 |
| Total (n=200) | Male (n=119) | Female (n=81) | ||
| STI/HIV testing and care | ||||
| Hx of genital ulcer or discharge | 37 (18.5) | 14 (11.8) | 23 (28.4) | 0.01 |
| Sought care for STI§ | 24 (63.2) | 9 (64.3) | 15 (62.5) | 0.91 |
| Knows STI/ HIV testing location | 168 (84.0) | 96 (80.7) | 72 (88.9) | 0.27 |
| Comfortable going there | 153 (76.5) | 85 (71.4) | 68 (84.0) | 0.18 |
| Prior HIV testing | 155 (77.5) | 90 (75.6) | 65 (80.2) | 0.44 |
| Prior HIV testing in last 6 months | 96 (48.0) | 52 (43.7) | 44 (54.3) | 0.14 |
*p Values determined by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test (where cells had expected value of less than 5).
†Both parents deceased or vital status unknown.
‡One parent deceased or vital status unknown.
§Of those who reported history of genital ulcer or discharge.
STI, sexually transmitted infection; KES, Kenyan Shilling; Hx, history.