Characteristics associated with persistence after treatment of pharyngeal gonococcal infections at the STI clinic, Amsterdam (January 2012–August 2015) based on bivariable and multivariable analysis
| Variables | N | Cases with persistence after treatment | Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis* | |||||
| N | %† | OR | 95% CI | p*** | aOR | 95% CI | p††† | ||
| Total | 781 | 36 | 4.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gender | 0.40 | ||||||||
| Male | 706 | 31 | 4.4 | 1 | – | ||||
| Female | 75 | 5 | 6.7 | 1.56 | 0.59 to 4.13 | ||||
| Age group | 0.94 | 0.93 | |||||||
| 16–24 years | 174 | 8 | 4.6 | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| 25–34 years | 290 | 15 | 5.2 | 1.13 | 0.47 to 2.73 | 1.01 | 0.41 to 2.50 | ||
| 35–44 years | 188 | 8 | 4.3 | 0.92 | 0.34 to 2.51 | 0.80 | 0.29 to 2.20 | ||
| ≥45 years | 129 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.84 | 0.27 to 2.62 | 0.78 | 0.25 to 2.49 | ||
| Number of sex partner(s) in the preceding 6 months | 0.60 | ||||||||
| 1–5 | 309 | 17 | 5.5 | 1 | – | ||||
| 6–10 | 241 | 9 | 3.7 | 0.67 | 0.29 to 1.52 | ||||
| ≥11 | 231 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.77 | 0.35 to 1.73 | ||||
| History of sex work in the preceding 6 monthsठ| 0.08 | ||||||||
| No | 721 | 31 | 4.3 | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 46 | 5 | 10.9 | 2.71 | 1.00 to 7.35 | ||||
| Being notified about possibility of contracting gonorrhoea¶ | 0.76 | ||||||||
| No | 590 | 28 | 4.8 | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 190 | 8 | 4.2 | 0.88 | 0.40 to 1.97 | ||||
| Reported any STI-related complaint(s) at the first consultation* | 0.89 | ||||||||
| No | 556 | 26 | 4.7 | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 225 | 10 | 4.4 | 0.95 | 0.45 to 2.00 | ||||
| Diagnosed with any other STIs at the first consultation†† | 0.14 | ||||||||
| No | 407 | 23 | 5.7 | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 374 | 13 | 3.5 | 0.60 | 0.30 to 1.20 | ||||
| Diagnosed with urogenital or anal gonorrhoea coinfection(s) at the first consultation | 0.30 | ||||||||
| No | 456 | 24 | 5.3 | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 325 | 12 | 3.7 | 0.69 | 0.34 to 1.40 | ||||
| HIV status‡‡ | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Negative | 604 | 28 | 4.6 | 1 | – | ||||
| Positive | 175 | 7 | 4.0 | 0.86 | 0.37 to 2.00 | ||||
| Time from the first consultation to the first treatment which included ceftriaxone, per extra day | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.05 | 0.81 | |||
| Antibiotics given for the first treatment | 0.008 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Ceftriaxone only | 554 | 32 | 5.8 | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Combination of ceftriaxone with other antibiotics§§ | 227 | 4 | 1.8 | 0.29 | 0.10 to 0.84 | 0.36 | 0.12 to 1.04 | ||
| Time from the first treatment which included ceftriaxone to test-of-cure (TOC), per extra day | – | – | – | 0.72 | 0.59 to 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.60 to 0.90 | <0.001 |
| Time from the first treatment which included ceftriaxone to TOC, categorised¶¶ | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 7 days | 309 | 27 | 8.7 | 1 | – | ||||
| 8–14 days | 367 | 8 | 2.2 | 0.23 | 0.10 to 0.52 | ||||
| 15–28 days | 105 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.10 | 0.01 to 0.75 | ||||
*For 781 records included in the multivariable analysis.
†Row percentage of positive cases among group.
‡For 767 records with available data (14 records had missing data).
§History of sex work in the preceding 6 months was associated with persistence after treatment in bivariable analysis, but not in multivariable analysis
¶For 780 records with available data (one record had missing data).
**Reported following complaints: discharge, pain, ulcers, or lumps in genital, anal or oral region.
††Diagnosed with chlamydia (urogenital, anal or pharyngeal infection), lymphogranuloma venereum or syphilis (acute or chronic).
‡‡For 779 records with available data (two records had missing data).
§§Antibiotics potentially effective to treat gonococcal infections, that is, azithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or benzylpenicillin.
¶¶Time from the first treatment to TOC in categories was not included in the multivariable analysis.
***p Values obtained by χ2 test from the logistic regression.
†††p Values calculated by likelihood-ratio test.
aOR, adjusted OR calculated in multivariable analysis using logistic regression.