Objectives: To investigate (1) the types of justifications, if any, that young gay men give themselves at the time they make the decision to have unprotected anal intercourse and (2) the types of occasion on which they are most at risk of having unprotected intercourse.
Design and methods: In structured interviews, gay men aged 15-21 years were asked to recall two sexual encounters from the preceding 6 months: one in which they had had unprotected anal intercourse ('unsafe' encounter) and one in which they had resisted a strong temptation to have unprotected intercourse ('safe' encounter). We studied both types of encounter to enable identification of situational variables distinguishing between them.
Results: The first two factors that emerged from a Factor Analysis of the self-justification data ('unsafe' encounter, n = 219) involved, respectively, high-risk behaviour in response to a negative mood state and inferring from perceptible characteristics that the partner was unlikely to be infected. The most commonly reported self-justification was of this latter type. In respondents recalling both encounters (n = 115), sexual desires, mood, communication, and use of 'dirty talk' distinguished between the encounters. In contrast, type of partner, consumption of alcohol or drugs, desire for excitement, and use of pornography did not.
Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to those obtained in our earlier study of older gay men. Young gay men appear to be more single-minded about what they want to do sexually, and more likely to infer from perceptible characteristics that their partner is unlikely to be infected. In young gay men, a negative mood state is associated with unsafe sex, an opposite finding to that obtained with older gay men. The results also suggest the possible importance of failure to communicate about desires concerning safe sex and the use of 'dirty talk'; these may help to facilitate the occurrence of unsafe sex.