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Research methods
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    EXAMPLE 1

    • Impact of random measurement error in an exposure variable: the assessment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in a hypothetical case-control study of maternal bacterial vaginosis and low birthweight deliveries.

    BV based on Amsel (clinical) criteria is measured imperfectly (with 70% sensitivity and 95% specificity) with respect to Nugent (microbiological) criteria. The result is an attenuation of the true association (odds ratio in table 1) towards a smaller association observed in the measured study data (table 2).

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    Table 1

     Hypothetical true association

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    Table 2

     Observed association with measurement error: bacterial vaginosis (BV) measured with 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity

    To complete the contingency table with measurement error (table 2), 30% (100%−70%) of the …

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