Female sex workers are often forced to work underground and away from their local communities. Historical records show that female sex workers have been frequently singled out for social control and treated as a distinct section of the community. This social rejection and isolation has serious repercussions on the health provisions to them and on their willingness to seek medical care.

In some countries, including Iran, presence of prostitution and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is systematically denied, being considered a taboo by the government and …