Although HIV transmission is as much a result of infectiousness as of susceptibility, to date, most HIV prevention strategies have focused on reducing risk among uninfected individuals, even though recommendations have been made to target behaviour change among those who are HIV infected.^1,2 Recently, additional studies have provided further support for targeting prevention among infected individuals by demonstrating the potential for decreasing infectiousness by reducing viral load through treatment for HIV and other STIs.^2–5

Perhaps one reason why such recommendations have not been widely implemented is that few studies …