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HIV and STI control in El Salvador: results from an integrated behavioural survey among men who have sex with men
  1. Jacob Creswell1,
  2. Maria Elena Guardado2,
  3. Janet Lee3,
  4. Ana Isabel Nieto4,
  5. Andrea A Kim3,
  6. Edgar Monterroso3,
  7. Gabriela Paz-Bailey1,2
  1. 1Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
  2. 2TEPHINET, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  3. 3Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  4. 4Programa Nacional ITS/VIH/SIDA, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, San Salvador, El Salvador
  1. Correspondence to Dr Gabriela Paz-Bailey, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-46 Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;gpazbailey{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective This cross-sectional study investigates HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STI), and risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in two cities in El Salvador.

Methods Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit MSM in the cities of San Salvador and San Miguel, El Salvador. Participants responded to questions about HIV risk behaviours; and blood, urine and anal swabs were collected. Blood samples were tested for herpes simplex type 2, syphilis and HIV infection. Urine and anal samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. HIV-positive samples were tested with the BED capture enzyme immunoassay to distinguish recent from longstanding HIV infection. We estimated population-adjusted prevalence of behavioural variables, STI and HIV, and identified risk factors for HIV.

Results The final sample included 596 and 195 MSM in San Salvador and San Miguel, respectively. Consistent condom use was low across all partner types as was recent HIV testing. RDS-adjusted HIV prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI 7.4% to 14.7%) in San Salvador, and 8.8% (95% CI 4.2% to 14.5%) in San Miguel. The proportion of recent testing among HIV-positive samples was 20%. Prevalence of any bacterial STI by PRC testing was 12.7% (95% CI 8.2% to 17.5%) in San Salvador, and 9.6% (95% CI 4.9% to 15.4%) in San Miguel.

Conclusions We found a high prevalence of HIV, high levels of recent infection, and low condom usage. In El Salvador, targeted interventions towards MSM are needed to promote condom use, as well as to diagnose, treat and prevent HIV and other STIs.

  • HIV
  • Sexual Behaviour
  • Latin America
  • Gay Men
  • Infectious Diseases

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