Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection has become a major public health problem worldwide. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most opportunistic infection (OI) among HIV infected patient. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of Opportunistic Infection TB among HIV positive patients visiting UMN Hospital Tansen, Palpa.

Methods HIV cases were diagnosed on the basis of rapid test kit HIV TRI DOT. TB cases were diagnosed on the basis of AFB staining, cultural methods, positive tuberculin test, radiographic abnormalities, and positive response to anti-tuberculous drugs.

Results A total of 8510 suspected HIV were included for the study. Of which, 81(0.95%) were found HIV positive. Out of 81 HIV infected patients, 80% (65/81) were Hospital OPD Patients and 16 (20%) were Hospital admitted In-Patient. Among 81 HIV infected patients, 28 patients were diagnosed as TB infection and 53 were without tuberculosis infection. Eighty six percent of TB cases were pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 14% were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Out of 28 Co-infected HIV/TB cases, 75% were male and 25%were female. Of the 24 HIV/PTB Co-infected cases, 16 (66.6%) were sputum AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis and 33.3% (8/24) were sputum AFB negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Out of 4 HIV/Extra-PTB co-infected patient,75%(3/4) were TB Meningitis and 25% (1/4) were Miliary TB, in which 3 male patients and a female patient. Conclusion: Infection of TB among HIV infected patients of this study were ranged in age from 25 years–50 years.