HIV has a genetic diversity that is equal to the complexity of its follow up of the patients. The classification of the different variants has allowed us to understand the virus, the geographical distribution and evolution of the pandemic and to better guide the follow up and the care of patients infected by HIV. Review the specifics of the HIV epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in terms of different molecular variants of HIV compared to the published location for the country. The search of the literature and abstracts presented at conferences with the subject of interest to identify different variants of HIV type 1 in the DRC on the websites of research. Online search was based on the following key words: “HIV subtype, DRC”, “genotype, HIV, DRC” and “HIV strains in the Democratic Republic of Congo”. It was restricted to the published literatures and presented abstracts between 1997 and 2012. According to manuscripts published since 1997, we have noticed a dominating prevalence of group M (100%) and of sub-type A at 50.40% [31.2–68.9] for the entire country. In the Eastern part, variants A (44.73%) are dominant on variants C (12.20%), G (11.5%), D (9.12%) and U (7.24%). In the Center, variants A (62.57%) are followed by variants C (10.32%), H (5.02%), U (4.3%) and D (3.9%). In the Western part, variants A (40.91%) are followed by variants G (19.29%), D (10.5%), F (5.65%) and C (4.51%). For the entire country, variants are found in the following order: A (49.40%), G (10.73%), C (9.01%) and D (7.86%). The differences between and within groups are statistically significant for each variants. Several variants of HIV type 1 circulates throughout the DRC. The high number of recombinant forms (CRFs) shows the diversity and dynamics of the virus in this country.