Footnotes

• Contributors JDS conducted the analyses, wrote the first draft of the letter and revised subsequent drafts; SF created the indicators of GSEs in the baseline survey and guided the analyses and interpretation of results; CG is a coinvestigator on project DISRUPT, advised in the conceptualisation of all aspects of the parent study and contributed to the current letter by assisting in interpreting results and writing the letter; DAW is the site principal investigator on Project DISRUPT, oversaw day-to-day operations of the study and contributed to the letter by assisting in interpreting the findings; MRK is the principal investigator of Project DISRUPT, conceptualised and conducted the parent study and guided the current letter analyses. All authors reviewed and revised the original draft of the letter and have approved this version.

• Funding National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA028766).

• Competing interests None declared.

• Ethics approval New York University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (i14-01540).

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.