Introduction The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals affected by HIV is presenting a great challenge in HIV management, mostly in limited resources settings. Since those individuals have wide variety of predisposing factors, managing HIV related neuropsychiatric disorders remains essential in improving overall individual outcome. Aim of this study was to assess and understand neuropsychiatric disorders prevailing in HIV infected individuals seeking care at Kigali University Teaching Hospital (KUTH), Rwanda and highlight window to further researches.

Methods A systematic review of reports on HIV and mental health in Rwanda have been reviewed, correlating findings with mental health department’s record at KUTH. All Data was analysed using Epi Info 7.

Results From 1^st Feb- 31th December, 2016, a total of 90 HIV infected individuals have consulted the department with psychotic symptoms. 59 (65%) were females and 31 (35%) males. The mean age was 39, 7. They have consulted for neuropsychiatric symptoms like, photophobia, aggressiveness and loneliness and diagnosis made in general: 26 (28.8%) with Depression, 30 (33.3%) with epilepsy, 24 (26.6%) with psychosis, 6 (6.6%) with bipolar disorder, 2 (2.2%) with anxiety disorders and 2 (2.2%) with schizophrenia. depression and epilepsy were 20 (22.2%), depression with anxiety were 10 (11.1%).

Conclusion depression remains the most common psychiatric disorder and the most common mental health condition among HIV infected individuals. A great toll is on women whereas background of poor social economic status represents and worsen the situation. Affected individuals presents a big challenge in profiting the availability and accessibility of anti-retroviral treatment and control of HIV. Counselling before giving HIV test and result could not be end of mental support to patient found to be HIV positive, follow up should be done.