Introduction Information, values and knowledge transmitted by the school influence the lives of adolescents and young people. The school congregates a considerable proportion of this population, facilitating access to it. The objective was to analyse the evolution of the AIDS prevention policy for adolescents and young people developed in schools and the role of Unesco.

Method Documentary analysis and interviews. Interviews with health and education managers, CSOs/NGOs and stakeholders to confirm, qualify and complement information produced by documentary analysis.

Results National policy formulated in 1994: School Project (1995–2004); Health and Prevention in School Project (SPE) (2005–2007); Health in School Program (PSE) (2007–2014).Initially with a focus on prevention, the actions passed to integrate a broad set of objectives and contents of health, educational-preventive and care. Large number of schools work the themes; Low effectiveness of educational action. Availability of condoms in schools is little implemented.In the political environment, there is a resurgence of positions that are contrary to discuss sexual diversity at school with a reflection on the activities, mainly considering the interference of conservative political parties and the lobbying of Catholic and Evangelical churches with the decision-making bodies of politics and the management.

Conclusion Young people remain as one of the key populations to control the epidemic. Future of STI and AIDS prevention in litigation schools: Most managers and stakeholders believe that action should be rethought and taken up in isolation or associated with complementary strategies; Others argue that it must be replaced, because it has failed and because the school has become a barrier to young people. UNESCO had a strategic and essential role to promote the approximation of interests and articulation and cooperation between the Ministries of Health and Education.