Background The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), namely Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), is rising, possibly as a consequence of the adoption of risky sexual behaviour as HIV infection prognosis improved. Most STIs are asymptomatic. Accordingly, treating only symptomatic patients has only a minor impact on the prevalence of such infections. This study aims to identify risk factors for asymptomatic CT and NG infection in a population of patients with HIV infection.

Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 218 adult patients with HIV infection who were screened for NG and CT infection from July 2017 to June 2018 in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Urine, rectal, oropharyngeal and vaginal samples were tested by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). The association of independent variables with STIs occurrence was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results We identified 45 cases of STIs (25 NG, 20 CT), 20.64%. All patients were male. Although 95.6% of identified infections were extragenital, 96 (44%) patients collected only genital samples. In univariate analysis, STI was significantly associated with younger age, being a men who has sex with men (MSM), a higher CD4+ T cell count, having classic symptoms of STI in another location and a positive treponemic test. In a multivariate model being MSM (OR 5,011; 95%CI 1,286 - 19,519; p= 0,020) and having classic symptoms of STI in another location (OR 8,586; 95%CI 3,342 - 22,062; p=0.00) were independent risk factors.

Conclusion Although HIV patients are a risky population, with a high prevalence of STIs, it is not homogeneous and so it matters to identify those who had classic symptoms of STI in another location. Screening only in genital samples will miss the majority of infections.

Disclosure No significant relationships.