Background Our goal was to estimate the prevalences of and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among women with HIV.

Methods Cross-sectional study of women with HIV, who were receiving care from sixteen public health services in São Paulo (October/2013 to March/2014). Participants answered a questionnaire including demographic, behavioral, and clinical data. An urine sample was tested for CT and NG, using a polimerase chain reaction. The chi-square test and a logistic regression model were used to test the associations with CT or NG infections.

Results 836 women were included. The mean age was 40.5±0.34 years, and the prevalences of CT and NG infections were 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. The highest prevalences of CT infection were among who were 18–25 years old (15.9%), had black skin color (2.6%), had ≥2 sexual partners during the last year (7.3%), had a partner who had been imprisoned (3.3%), and not used condoms during the last 6 months (4%). According to clinical characteristics, the highest prevalences were among who had a spontaneous abortion (3.5%), prior STD (3.7%), had been diagnosed with HIV infection during the last year (4.8%), had a CD4+ <350 cells/mm³ (4.8%), had atypical squamous cells/glandular cells of undetermined significance in their last Pap smear (11.1%), and had positive NG test results (25%). CT infection was associated with CD4+ <350 cells/mm³ [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj): 24.5], age of 18–25 years (ORadj: 23.2), the non-use of condoms during the last 6 months (ORadj: 10.2), prior STI (ORadj: 9.4), and having ≥2 sexual partners during last year (ORadj: 6.1).

Conclusion Although we observed a low prevalence of CT infection among women with HIV, younger age was associated with a strong risk of infection. Therefore, it may be appropriate to include screening for CT as part of the routine care for this population.

Disclosure No significant relationships.