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Poster Presentations
PS02 – POSTER VIEWING SESSION – TUESDAY
Tuesday, July 16, 2019 5:45 PM – 7:00 PM
P587 Association between vaginal bacteria and HIV acquisition risk among african women participating in the VOICE study
Free
  1. Sujatha Srinivasan1,
  2. Barbra Richardson2,
  3. Jacqueline Wallis1,
  4. Tina Fiedler1,
  5. Noah Hoffman3,
  6. Sean Proll4,
  7. Z Chirenje5,
  8. Edward Livant6,
  9. David Fredricks1,
  10. Sharon Hillier7,
  11. Jeanne Marrazzo8
  1. 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, USA
  2. 2University of Washington, Biostatistics, Seattle, USA
  3. 3University of Washington, Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, USA
  4. 4University of Washington, Medicine, Seattle, USA
  5. 5University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Center, Harare, Zimbabwe
  6. 6Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
  7. 7University of Pittsburgh and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, USA
  8. 8University of Alabama, Medicine, Birmingham, USA

Abstract

Background We previously identified seven vaginal bacteria associated with increased HIV acquisition risk among African women using taxon-directed quantitative PCR (qPCR). We sought to extend the search for high-risk bacteria using a sequential PCR approach.

Methods African women participating in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of daily oral vs. vaginal tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (VOICE study) provided vaginal samples. Cases (177 HIV pre-seroconversion visits from 150 women who acquired HIV) and controls (531 visits from 436 women who remained HIV uninfected) were matched by study arm and site. The vaginal microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing to assess associations between relative abundances of bacteria and HIV risk; bacterial taxa were ranked in descending order by score statistic using logistic models run on each taxon until a p-value=0.1. Taxa prevalent at ≥5% were selected for measurement of concentrations by qPCR. Relationship between bacterial concentrations and HIV risk was analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation models, and adjusted for potential confounders.

Results Vaginal bacterial diversity among cases was higher than controls (p=0.0044). Analysis of relative abundance data identified 12 bacterial taxa associated with HIV risk that were not previously described. Six of these 12 taxa were selected for taxon-specific qPCR measurements. Concentrations of five of six taxa were significantly associated with increased risk for HIV acquisition. These include bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.57; 95% CI 0.97, 2.56), Candidate Division TM7 (aOR=2.04; 95% CI 1.14, 3.65), Prevotella amnii (aOR=1.53, 95% CI 0.95, 2.46), PorphyromonasType 1 (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.27, 3.28), and Peptinophilus lacrimalis (aOR=1.55, 95% CI 0.98, 2.44). Dialister micraerophilus was not associated with HIV risk.

Conclusion A sequential PCR approach facilitated the identification of new bacteria associated with increased HIV acquisition risk. Interventions to decrease high-risk bacteria could be explored as one approach to reduce HIV risk in women.

Disclosure No significant relationships.

  • microbiome
  • STIs
  • HIV

https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.658

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