Background High rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in transgender women have been identified worldwide. In Brazil, some studies with this population have been performed, however, the real magnitude of this infection is still unknown in regions far from the epicenter of HIV in the country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the HIV prevalence and risk factors in transgender and transvestite women in Goiânia, Centre-West Brazil.

Methods Cross-sectional and analytical study. All eligible transgender women were interviewed face-to-face with a questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for this infection, and tested for anti-HIV 1 and 2 by rapid test.

Results Of the 180 women investigated, the median age was 24 years (Minimum:17, Maximum:58), education was 11 years of study (Minimum:1, Maximum: 18) and income was R$2,000.00/month (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 12,000). The prevalence for HIV was 23% (41/180, 95% CI: 16,87–29.61). In multiple regression analysis, the following variables were included in the model: history of STI (sexually transmitted infection) (p = 0.00); history of forced sexual intercourse (p = 0.01); sexual initiation before age 13 (p = 0.08); use of crack (p = 0.02) and cocaine (p = 0.12); relationship with a drug using partner (p = 0.09), and prostitution (p = 0.13). According to the model, STI history (OR[odds ratio]: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.99–9.70) and forced sexual intercourse (OR: 2.2; 95% CI 1.01–4.27), were independently associated with HIV.

Conclusion It is essential to implement public policies that meet the specific needs of transgender and transvestite women, given their high infection rates and related risk factors.

Disclosure No significant relationships.