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Using Strain Typing to Characterize a Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Transmission Network in Southern California
  1. Sheldon R Morris (shmorris{at}ucsd.edu)
  1. University of California, San Diego, United States
    1. Joan S. Knapp (jsk2{at}cdc.gov)
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
      1. Douglas F. Moore (dmoore{at}ochca.com)
      1. Orange County Public Health Laboratory, United States
        1. David L. Trees (dlt1{at}cdc.gov)
        1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
          1. Susan A. Wang (sjw8{at}cdc.gov)
          1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
            1. Gail Bolan (gail.bolan{at}cdph.ca.gov)
            1. California Department of Public Health, United States
              1. Heidi M. Bauer (heidi.bauer{at}cdph.ca.gov)
              1. California Department of Public Health, United States

                Abstract

                Objective: We investigated the initial outbreak of QRNG in southern California with analysis of transmission using strain typing.

                Methods: Surveillance for QRNG was conducted in 2000-2002 in southern California including epidemiology and strain typing by a combination of antibiogram, auxotype, serovar, Lip type, and amino acid alteration patterns in the quinolone-resistance determining region of GyrA and ParC. Combining epidemiological data with strain typing, we describe the emergence of QRNG outbreak strains using risk factor analysis and transmission networks.

                Results: Two outbreak strains accounted for 82% of isolates. Both strains required proline, were Lip type 17c, had amino acid alterations 91 > Phe in GyrA and 87 > Arg in ParC, but they differed by their serovar, IB-3C8 versus IB-2H7, 2G2. Outbreak strains were positively associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 23.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-261 and negatively associated with travel history: AOR 0.05, (95% CI 0.0-0.6). Network analysis demonstrated that 17 cases were connected by sexual contacts and/or public venues including bars, bathhouses/sex clubs, and Internet sites.

                Conclusions: QRNG may have become established among Californian MSM through an identified transmission network of southern Californian bars, bathhouses and Internet sites.

                https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.030163

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