Infections | • Tuberculosis |
• Viral hepatitis A, B, C | |
• Leishmaniasis | |
• Histoplasmosis | |
Neoplasia | • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of liver |
• Primary effusion lymphoma | |
• Carcinoma of the pancreas | |
• Carcinoma of the stomach | |
Drug induced | • Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
Others | • Budd-Chiari syndrome |
• Cardiovascular causes—for example, right heart failure or constrictive pericarditis | |
• Nephrotic syndrome |