Modes of transmission of STIs in young people
| Route | Disease/organism |
|---|---|
| CT = Chlamydia trachomatis, GC = Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, HBV and HCV = hepatitis B and C virus, HPV = human papilloma virus, HSV = herpes simplex virus, TV = Trichomonas vaginalis. | |
| Transplacental: | |
| Intrauterine infection/ascending infection | HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, HPV |
| Perinatal: | |
| Transmission via the birth canal | CT, GC, TV, HSV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HIV |
| Transmission via the breast milk | HIV (syphilis, HBV, HCV, risk unknown) |
| Direct contact: | |
| Non-sexual/autoinoculation | HPV, HSV |
| Fomite transmission | ?TV, ?HPV |
| Consensual sexual contact | All STIs |
| Sexual assault | All STIs |
| Injecting drug use or blood transfusion/blood products | HIV, HBV, HCV |