Table 1

Data currently available from HIV and STI surveillance—ongoing surveillance

Name and custodian	Description	Geographical area	Population covered	Time period	Demographic	Behavioural	Biological	Reference
Sexually transmitted infection surveillance
New episodes seen at genitourinary medicine clinics (KC60). CDSC	Statutory reporting of all episodes diagnosed at GUM clinics	National	All episodes diagnosed at GUM clinics	1917–	Age group, sex	Sexual orientation (selected diagnoses)	STI diagnosis	6

Enhanced Surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in England. CDSC	Individual based KC60 by clinic, statutory reporting	London	All individuals attending GUM clinics	2000–	Age, sex, ethnicity, residence	Sexual orientation, previous STI, coinfections, repeat infections	STI diagnoses

Gonococcal resistance to antimicrobials surveillance programme (GRASP). CDSC	Active, sentinel surveillance system prompted by laboratory referrals of gonococcal isolates to determine the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in north. N gonorrhoeae in England and Wales. Sampling for 3 months of each year.	30 GUM clinics	Individuals with antibiotic resistant gonococcol infections	2000–3	Age, sex, ethnicity, residence	Sexual orientation, number of sexual partners, region of sex abroad, concurrent STI, previous gonorrhoea	Gonorrhoea, antibiotic resistance, site of infection	37

Routine laboratory treponemal reporting. CDSC	Laboratory surveillance, additional information completed by clinicians sending specimen. Currently under review.	6 reference laboratories	All cases of infectious syphilis referred to reference laboratory for confirmation	1996–	Age, sex, country of birth, ethnicity, source of specimen	Sexual orientation, country where infection acquired and partners infection, pregnancy	Final syphilis diagnosis	69

Enhanced surveillance for infectious syphilis in the London Region. CDSC.	An enhanced study to monitor the number of cases and associated risk factors for infectious syphilis in London. Established in response to clusters of syphilis in homosexual men.	London	All cases of infectious syphilis (primary, secondary, and early latent) diagnosed at GUM clinics	April 2001–	Sex, age, county of birth, ethnicity	Sexual orientation, relevant social networks, reason for attending, number of sexual partners, where infection likely acquired, commercial sex workers	Stage of infection, HIV status (if known)	36
HIV infection surveillance
HIV laboratory reports. CDSC	Reporting system from laboratories	National	All newly diagnosed HIV infections	1985–	Sex, age, ethnicity	Likely route of infection and location of infection if acquired heterosexually. Previous negative tests.	HIV-1/2 infection	39

AIDS case reports. CDSC	Reporting system from clinicians	National	All newly diagnosed AIDS cases	1985–99	Sex, age, ethnicity, country of birth	Likely route of infection and location of infection if this is ongoing heterosexual spread. Previous negative tests	AIDS case diagnoses. Pre-AIDS ARV treatment	39

Clinician HIV reporting. CDSC	Reporting system from clinicians	National	All newly diagnosed HIV infections	2000–	Sex age, ethnicity, country of birth, date of entry to UK	Various, depending on likely route of infection., including year of first sex, previous HIV tests, GUM clinic attendance and pregnancy history.	AIDS case diagnoses. Pre-AIDS ARV treatment	39

HIV infection route follow up. CDSC	Investigation, to interview where necessary of all newly diagnosed infections with no identified risk factor for HIV, to establish likely route of infection, or confirm ongoing heterosexual transmission in UK.	National	Newly diagnosed HIV infections reported with no identified likely route of infection	1991–	Sex age, ethnicity, country of birth, date of entry to UK, marital status	Detailed sexual behaviour, including previous STI and HIV test behaviour	HIV diagnosis	40

Survey of prevalent HIV infections diagnosed (SOPHID). CDSC	Annual cross sectional survey of all HIV diagnosed individuals receiving care	National	Prevalent diagnosed HIV infections	1995–	Sex, age, ethnicity	Likely route of infection	CD4 count, level of antiretroviral therapy	41

Unlinked anonymous survey of dried blood spots. CDSC	Repeated cross sectional survey unlinking and testing residual infant blood collected for metabolic testing for maternal HIV antibody	National (6 regions)	Pregnant women giving birth	1992–	Age, ethnicity, country of birth, area of residence		Infant blood tested for maternal HIV antibody	42
Unlinked anonymous survey of GUM clinic attenders. CDSC	Repeated cross sectional survey unlinking and testing residual blood for HIV	Sentinel (15 GUM clinics)	GUM clinic attenders receiving syphilis testing	1990–	Sex age, country of birth	Sexual orientation, STI diagnoses at visit, last HIV negative test	Serum sample tested for HIV, STI diagnoses	42

Unlinked anonymous survey of injecting drug users. CDSC	Repeated voluntary anonymous cross sectional survey with self completed questionnaire and saliva sample	Sentinel	Injecting drug users contacting services	1990–	Sex, age	Sexual orientation number of sexual partners, condom use, drug injecting practices, previous HIV test	Saliva tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C	42

Blood (and tissue) donations. National Blood Service	Testing of all donations. Detailed information collected for all confirmed positives	National	Population selected to donate blood (and tissues)	1995– (HIV 1986– HCV 1991)	Sex, age, ethnicity, country of birth, region of residence	Possible exposures to infection and location and time. Details of high risk partners, if heterosexual. Previous negative tests	HIV, HBV, HCV and T pallidum	44

Antenatal screening. National Blood Service	Antenatal screening of pregnant women carried out by the National Blood Service	Selected areas	Pregnant women	HBV 2000– HIV 2001–	Age, ethnicity, region		HIV, HBV	44

Laboratory reports of acute hepatitis. CDSC	Laboratory reports of acute hepatitis B	National	Laboratory confirmed acute hepatitis	1985–	Sex, age	Sexual orientation	HBV	45, 46