Risk factors for incident gonorrhoea infections*
| Univariate analysis‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No† | Obs | Py | Rate | RR | p Value | |
| *Included in analysis are those people with at least two gonorrhoea tests during the study period, and who are considered to have been uninfected with gonorrhoea during the study period. | ||||||
| †No = the number of people (sums to 969 for all variables except “chlamydia” and “syphilis” for which subjects can contribute to more that one level); Obs = number of incident infections; Py = person years of follow up; rate = incident rate per 100 person years. | ||||||
| ‡In univariate analysis each variable is fitted separately. p Values in parentheses are overall test for heterogeneity. | ||||||
| §Prevalent infection is at first test during study period. Incident infections are up to 7 days before date of relevant incident gonorrhoea infection during study period. Levels are hierarchical: “no test,” “no,” “prevalent,” “incident” (a person contributes only to relevant levels). | ||||||
| ¶Prevalent gonorrhoea infection is at time of first gonorrhoea test during study period. | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 488 | 145 | 653.5 | 22.2 | 1.0 | |
| Female | 511 | 168 | 818.6 | 20.5 | 0.91 | 0.469 |
| Age (years) at first incident gonorrhoea | ||||||
| 30+ | 227 | 36 | 348.6 | 10.3 | 1.0 | |
| 25–29 | 195 | 72 | 295.8 | 24.3 | 2.43 | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 227 | 88 | 339.5 | 25.9 | 2.60 | <0.001 |
| 15–19 | 204 | 95 | 301.2 | 31.5 | 3.22 | <0.001 |
| 12–14 | 116 | 22 | 186.9 | 11.8 | 1.16 | 0.620 (<0.001) |
| Time | ||||||
| <June 1997 | 934 | 171 | 807.5 | 21.2 | 1.0 | |
| ≥June 1997 | 834 | 142 | 664.6 | 21.4 | 1.03 | 0.758 |
| Resident status | ||||||
| Permanent | 895 | 296 | 1381.8 | 21.4 | 1.0 | |
| Removed | 74 | 17 | 90.3 | 18.8 | 0.95 | 0.842 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 288 | 87 | 445.8 | 19.5 | 1.0 | |
| 1+ wives | 579 | 191 | 880.8 | 21.7 | 1.11 | 0.508 |
| Widow/past | 69 | 22 | 105.2 | 20.9 | 1.02 | 0.952 |
| Not known | 33 | 13 | 40.3 | 32.2 | 1.97 | 0.056 (0.290) |
| Alcohol | ||||||
| No abuse | 578 | 175 | 927.5 | 18.3 | 1.0 | |
| Abuse | 342 | 128 | 477.4 | 26.8 | 1.46 | 0.007 |
| Not known | 49 | 10 | 67.1 | 14.9 | 0.80 | 0.537 (0.015) |
| Petrol sniffing | ||||||
| Never | 776 | 216 | 1180.7 | 18.3 | 1.0 | |
| Male ever occasional | 34 | 16 | 50.2 | 31.9 | 1.86 | 0.051 |
| Male ever regular | 107 | 37 | 158.3 | 23.4 | 1.26 | 0.264 |
| Female ever occasional | 26 | 17 | 43.5 | 39.0 | 2.24 | 0.015 |
| Female ever regular | 26 | 27 | 39.3 | 68.7 | 4.16 | <0.001 (<0.001) |
| Chlamydia§ in study period | ||||||
| No | 852 | 223 | 1206.2 | 18.5 | 1.0 | |
| Prevalent | 102 | 42 | 112.9 | 37.2 | 2.12 | <0.001 |
| Incident | 170 | 48 | 144.9 | 33.1 | 1.45 | 0.051 (0.002) |
| No test | 14 | 0 | 8.0 | — | — | |
| Syphilis§ in study period | ||||||
| No | 886 | 266 | 1268.9 | 21.0 | 1.0 | |
| Prevalent | 27 | 8 | 28.2 | 28.4 | 1.45 | 0.376 |
| Incident | 15 | 4 | 15.7 | 25.4 | 1.15 | 0.813 |
| No test | 186 | 35 | 159.3 | 22.0 | 1.24 | 0.251 (0.569) |
| Syphilis in 1991–5 | ||||||
| No | 684 | 206 | 1067.5 | 19.3 | 1.0 | |
| Prevalent infection | 104 | 49 | 149.4 | 32.8 | 1.80 | 0.003 |
| Incident infection | 91 | 43 | 134.8 | 31.9 | 1.71 | 0.011 |
| No test | 90 | 15 | 120.5 | 12.5 | 0.66 | 0.149 (<0.001) |
| Prevalent¶ gonorrhoea | ||||||
| No | 823 | 248 | 1275.3 | 19.4 | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 146 | 65 | 196.8 | 33.0 | 1.78 | 0.001 |