Cohort studies
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Bernasconi et al122 Swiss HIV cohort | 1359 | NRTI PI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 578/1359 (43%), Fat loss (FL): 382/1359 (28%), Fat acc (FA): 412/1359 (30%) | Multivariate logistic regression | Fat loss—age, greater NRTI exposure, d4T, ABC, elevated lactate Fat gain—age |
Goujard et al123 Liposud | 646 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment | Any LD: 374/646 (58%), LD (PI group): 316/498 (64%), LD (NRTI group): 58/148 (39%) | Unadjusted comparison of LD+ with LD− | Duration of treatment overall, duration of PI treatment, d4T therapy |
Galli et al124 | 188 | Only NRTI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 31/188 (16%), Any LD (Female): 25/96 (26%), Any LD (Male): 6/92 (7%) | Multivariate analysis | Female sex, d4T |
Saint Marc et al125 LIPOCO study | 154 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment, BIA, CT | Any LD: 82/154 (53%), FL (PI group): 58/100 (58%), FL (NRTI group): 15/39 (38%), FA (PI group): 45/100 (45%), FA (NRTI group): 3/39 (8%) | Multivariate logistic regression | d4T therapy |
Carr et al126 | 220 | NRTI PI | Physician and patient assessment, DEXA, CT | NA—case-control study, 116 LD cases, 104 controls | Multivariate analysis | FL: age, greater NRTI exposure, d4T therapy, elevated lactate FA: age, PI duration, 3TC |
Gervasoni et al127 | 306 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment, DEXA | Any LD: 32/306 (11%), LD (NRTI group): 12/162 (7%) | Multivarate logistic regression | Duration of ART, viral load >10 000 copies |
Wolf et al128 | 93 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment | Any LD: 49/93 (53%) | Multivariate logistic regression | Elevated oestradiol, triglyceride >500 mg/dl, d4T |
Mauss et al129 LipART | 221 | NRTI PI | Physician and patient assessment at 3 years | Any LD: 76/221 (34%) | Multivariate analysis | CD4 nadir <200 cells, d4T treatment |
Lichtenstein et al130 HOPS | 1077 | NRTI PI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 529/1077 (49%), Moderate/severe LD: 18% | Multivariate logistic regression | Age, white race, change in BMI, nadir CD4, study site, d4T, indinavir |
Mallal et al131 W Australia cohort | 277 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment, longitudinal DEXA | Overall FL: 121/277 (44%), FL (PI group): 112/201 (54%), FL (NRTI gp.): 9/71 (13%) | Cox proportional hazards, multivariate linear regression | FL—age, white race, dual NRTI therapy duration, d4T duration, PI duration |
Carmena et al132 | 232 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment | Overall LD: 24/232 (10%) | Multivariate logistic regression | Undetectable viral load, d4T therapy |
Galli et al133 LipoICONA | 704 | NRTI PI | Physician assessment | FL: 43/704 (10%), FA: 62/704 (11%), Mixed: 29/704 (6%) | Cox proportional hazards model | FL: d4T, HCV negative FA: weight, Mixed: Female sex, indinavir |
Saves et al134 APROCO | 670 | All NRTI +PI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD 12 months: 188/304 (62%), Any LD 20 months: 212/336 (63%) | Multivariate analysis | Age, BMI, duration of ART before initiation of PI |
Martinez et al135 | 506 | All NRTI +PI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 82/506 (17%), FL alone: 25/506 (31%), Both FL+FA: 42/506 (8%) | Multivariate regression | Age, sexual transmission of HIV, d4T therapy |
Galli et al136 LIMS | 2258 | NRTI PI | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 750/2258 (33%), FA: 435/2258 (19%) | Multivariate analysis | Age, ART duration and no of drugs. Female sex |
Schwenk et al167 | 278 | HAART | Physician and patient assessment | Any LD: 88/278 (32%), FL 18/278 (21%),FA 10/278 (11%), Mixed: 59/278 (67%) | Multivariate logistic regression | Age, PI duration, low CD4 |
Bogner et al137 | 115 | HAART | Physician and patient assessment | FL: 39/115 (34%), FA: 33/115 (29%) | Backward logistic regression | All: HAART duration, white race. FL: age and viral load |