Independent risk factors for rectal gonorrhoea and early syphilis among men who have sex with men, Amsterdam STI clinic, 1994–9, Netherlands
| Rectal gonorrhoea | Early syphilis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors | Infection rate No/n (%) | Oradj | (95% CI) | p Value | Infection rate No/n (%) | Oradj | (95% CI) | p Value | ||||
| *p<0.01 †The interactions between time period and sexual contacts (p<0.001) for rectal gonorrhoea and between time period and nationality (p<0.001) for early syphilis were included in the multivariate model as new variables with four categories. ‡Missing values excluded. | ||||||||||||
| Sexual contacts | p<0.001 | |||||||||||
| Bisexual | 34/1495 (2.3) | Before HAART:homo | 1 | 4/1495 (0.3) | 1 | p=0.031 | ||||||
| Exclusively homosexual | 516/9745 (5.3) | Before HAART:bi | 0.83 | (0.50–1.39) | 74/9745 (0.8) | 3.05 | (1.11–8.40) | |||||
| Time period | † | p<0.001 | ||||||||||
| Before HAART | 149/3770 (4.0) | Since HAART:homo | 1.38 | (0.27–0.79)* | 18/3770 (0.5) | Before HAART:Western | 1 | |||||
| Since HAART | 401/7470 (5.4) | Since HAART:bi | 0.47 | (1.12–1.71)* | 60/7470 (0.8) | Before HAART:non-Western | 16.48 | (6.33–42.86)* | ||||
| Nationality | † | |||||||||||
| Non-Western | 39/1207 | 1 | p=0.009 | 55/10033 (0.5) | After HAART:Western | 3.38 | (1.53–7.48)* | |||||
| Western | 511/10033 | 1.60 | (1.13–2.26) | 23/1207 (1.9) | After HAART:non-Western | 7.27 | (2.85–18.53)* | |||||
| Age‡ | ||||||||||||
| <31 | 228/3621 (6.3) | 1 | p<0.001 | 33/3621 (0.9) | — | |||||||
| 31–35 | 123/2060 (6.0) | 0.81 | (0.64–1.03) | 14/2060 (0.7) | — | |||||||
| 36–40 | 125/2540 (4.9) | 0.70 | (0.55–0.89)* | 15/2540 (0.6) | — | |||||||
| >40 | 74/3017 (2.5) | 0.37 | (0.28–0.49)* | 16/3017 (0.5) | — | |||||||
| Being a sex worker‡ | ||||||||||||
| yes | 26/970 (2.7) | 1 | p=0.011 | 11/970 (1.1) | — | |||||||
| no | 524/10258 (5.1) | 1.75 | (1.14–2.70) | 67/10258 (0.7) | — | |||||||
| Being a client of sex workers‡ | ||||||||||||
| yes | 6/292 (2.1) | 2/292 (0.7) | — | |||||||||
| no | 544/10940 (5.0) | 76/10940 (0.7) | — | |||||||||
| Concurrent infections | concurrent rectal gonorrhoea | |||||||||||
| no | 333/10175 (3.3) | 1 | p<0.001 | No: 69/10690 (0.6) | 1 | p=0.011 | ||||||
| Only genital gonorrhoea | 132/815 (16.2) | 5.02 | (4.03–6.26)* | Yes:9/550 (1.6) | 2.50 | (1.23–5.06) | ||||||
| Only pharyngeal gonorrhoea | 56/138 (40.6) | 16.91 | (11.71–24.40)* | |||||||||
| Both genital and pharyngeal | 29/112 (25.9) | 8.15 | (5.23–12.72)* | |||||||||
| Concurrent syphilis infection | ||||||||||||
| no | 541/11162 (4.8) | 1 | p=0.035 | |||||||||
| yes | 9/78 (11.5) | 2.31 | (1.06–5.03) | |||||||||