Association of HIV status with STI/RTI pathogens, clinical STI/RTI signs, and reported lifetime STI/RTI syndromes
| STI/RTI pathogens, signs and symptoms | HIV+ve (n=408) | HIV−ve (n=192) | OR* |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | No (%) | (95% CI) | |
| *OR adjusted for age and site of recruitment. | |||
| Genital swabs | |||
| N gonorrhoeae | 102 (25.0%) | 31 (16.1%) | 1.33 (0.83 to 2.14) |
| C trachomatis | 52 (12.5%) | 23 (12.4%) | 1.00 (0.56 to 1.76) |
| N gonorrhoeae/C trachomatis | 132 (32.4%) | 48 (25%) | 1.22 (0.80 to 1.88) |
| T vaginalis | 98 (24.0%) | 45 (23.5%) | 1.01 (0.65 to 1.57) |
| C albicans | 245 (60.0%) | 119 (62.0%) | 0.83 (0.55 to 1.24) |
| Bacterial vaginosis | 179 (43.9%) | 62 (32.3%) | 1.65 (1.12 to 2.45) |
| Serology | |||
| TPPA+ve | 202 (49.5%) | 63 (32.8%) | 1.60 (1.09 to 2.35) |
| TPPA/RPR+ve (all titres) | 71 (17.4%) | 32 (16.7%) | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.33) |
| TPPA/RPR+ve (⩾1/8) | 35 (8.6%) | 17 (8.9%) | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.47) |
| HSV-2 | 372 (91.2%) | 148 (77.1%) | 2.77 (1.62 to 4.73) |
| STI/RTI signs (clinically diagnosed) | |||
| Abnormal genital discharge | 147 (36.0%) | 66 (34.4%) | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.88) |
| Cervicitis | 84 (20.6%) | 29 (15.1%) | 1.63 (0.97 to 2.73) |
| Genital ulcer(s) | 44 (10.8%) | 8 (4.2%) | 3.54 (1.52 to 8.26) |
| Genital blister(s) | 11 (2.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3.70 (0.44 to 30.91) |
| Genital warts | 39 (9.6%) | None | |
| Inguinal lymphadenopathy | 54 (13.2%) | 8 (4.2%) | 4.66 (1.95 to 11.12) |
| Lower abdominal tenderness | 29 (7.1%) | 9 (4.7%) | 1.38 (0.59 to 3.23) |
| Reported lifetime STI/RTI syndrome | |||
| Ulcer | 84 (20.6%) | 22 (11.5%) | 2.31 (1.34 to 3.98) |
| Discharge | 109 (26.7%) | 32 (16.7%) | 1.85 (1.16 to 2.96) |