Risk factors associated with treatment failure of syndromic management of STDs (n = 96)
| Variables | Treatment failure | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No/total | % | |||
| *Adjusted for HIV serostatus. | ||||
| †Nugent’s score: intermediate flora (score 4–6), and moderate or severe bacterial vaginosis (7–10).5 | ||||
| ‡Seropositive by RPR and TPPA. | ||||
| Clinical syndromes | ||||
| Genital discharge | 22/73 | 30.1 | 0.99 (0.36 to 2.73) | – |
| Cervicitis | 16/47 | 34.0 | 1.43 (0.60 to 2.43) | – |
| Genital ulcer | 11/18 | 61.1 | 5.24 (1.77 to 15.49) | 4.12 (1.35 to 12.58)* |
| Genital discharge and ulcer | 7/10 | 70.0 | 6.79 (1.61 to 28.55) | 5.06 (1.17 to 21.84)* |
| Genital warts | 4/5 | 80.0 | 10.56 (1.13 to 99.11) | 7.81 (0.82 to 74.36) |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| HIV positive | 25/67 | 37.3 | 3.72 (1.16 to 11.97) | 2.46 (0.71 to 8.49) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 3/12 | 25.0 | 0.74 (0.19 to 2.97) | – |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 1/1 | 100.0 | – | – |
| Bacterial vaginosis† | ||||
| Intermediate | 6/21 | 28.6 | 1.44 (0.44 to 4.68) | – |
| Moderate or severe | 13/29 | 44.8 | 2.93 (1.06 to 8.06) | 1.27 (0.42 to 3.81) |
| Candida albicans | 6/15 | 40.0 | 1.68 (0.54 to 5.26) | – |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 0/1 | 0.0 | – | – |
| Active syphilis‡ | 2/12 | 16.7 | 0.42 (0.09 to 2.06) | – |
| Past syphilis | 5/23 | 21.7 | 0.57 (0.19 to 1.71) | – |
| Cervical leucocytes (⩾10 hpf) | 3/16 | 18.8 | 0.48 (0.13 to 1.83) | – |
| CD4 count | ||||
| <200 cells ×106/l | 11/27 | 40.7 | 1.94 (0.76 to 4.97) | – |
| Per 100 cells ×106/l decrease | – | – | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.39) | – |
| Plasma HIV load | ||||
| ⩾10 000 copies/ml | 22/50 | 44.0 | 1.83 (1.04 to 3.22) | 1.57 (0.86 to 2.87) |
| Per log10 copies/ml increase | – | – | 3.67 (0.94 to 14.38) | – |