Bivariate associations between assessed correlates and lack of recent condom use among detained adolescent males
Correlate (n) | % not using condoms | PR* | 95% CI† | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
*Prevalence ratio. | ||||
†Confidence interval. | ||||
‡This variable served as a proxy measure of income. | ||||
§This variable (exposure to violence and crime) served as a proxy measure of risky social environments. | ||||
Demographic and history factors | ||||
16 years of age or older | ||||
Yes | 40.5 | |||
No | 33.3 | 1.21 | 0.86 to 1.71 | 0.26 |
Racial or ethnic minority | ||||
Yes | 33.1 | |||
No | 43.5 | 0.76 | 0.55 to 1.06 | 0.11 |
Ever caused a pregnancy | ||||
Yes | 55.2 | |||
No | 30.8 | 1.79 | 1.30 to 2.47 | 0.001 |
Ever had an STD | ||||
Yes | 46.7 | |||
No | 36.6 | 1.28 | 0.72 to 2.25 | 0.43 |
Personal level factors | ||||
Motivation to use condoms | ||||
High | 20.6 | |||
Low | 51.7 | 2.51 | 1.67 to 3.79 | 0.0001 |
Pleasure barriers to condom use | ||||
More | 50.9 | |||
Less | 22.5 | 2.26 | 1.53 to 3.33 | 0.0001 |
Access barriers to condom use | ||||
More | 48.1 | |||
Less | 26.9 | 1.79 | 1.25 to 2.55 | 0.001 |
Impulsivity | ||||
High | 38.9 | |||
Low | 34.6 | 1.12 | 0.78 to 1.63 | 0.54 |
Relational level factors | ||||
Partner barriers to condom use | ||||
More | 47.3 | |||
Less | 26.5 | 1.78 | 1.24 to 2.56 | 0.001 |
Frequency of partner communication about sex | ||||
Frequent | 34.0 | |||
Infrequent | 39.6 | 1.16 | 0.80 to 1.69 | 0.42 |
Partner uses hormonal contraceptives | ||||
Yes | 36.4 | |||
No | 36.8 | 0.99 | 0.61 to 1.61 | 0.99 |
Peer affiliations | ||||
Ever belonged to a gang | ||||
Yes | 43.9 | |||
No | 34.7 | 1.27 | 0.90 to 1.79 | 0.18 |
Most friends never use condoms | ||||
Agree | 49.2 | |||
Disagree | 31.0 | 1.59 | 1.10 to 2.28 | 0.015 |
Most friends have caused a pregnancy | ||||
Agree | 47.6 | |||
Disagree | 31.5 | 1.51 | 1.05 to 2.18 | 0.03 |
Family level factors | ||||
Residing with at least one parent | ||||
Yes | 34.2 | |||
No | 51.2 | 1.50 | 1.05 to 2.14 | 0.04 |
Frequency of discussing safer sex with parent(s) | ||||
High | 40.8 | |||
Low | 32.7 | 0.80 | 0.55 to 1.60 | 0.24 |
Perceived level of family support | ||||
High | 38.8 | |||
Low | 36.1 | 0.93 | 0.58 to 1.50 | 0.76 |
Societal level factors | ||||
Condoms are available at school clinic | ||||
Yes | 33.6 | |||
No | 39.4 | 1.17 | 0.80 to 1.72 | 0.42 |
Qualify for free or reduced price lunch at school‡ | ||||
Yes | 42.7 | |||
No | 27.3 | 1.57 | 1.05 to 2.33 | 0.02 |
Witnessed extreme violence (past year)§ | ||||
Yes | 38.3 | 0.99 | 0.68 to 1.42 | 0.99 |
No | 38.5 |