Table 1

Prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections (STI) in pregnant women in developing countries

STD	Prevalence (%)	Reference	Country	Sample size	Asymptomatic (%)
*5% of the syphilis prevalence also includes women who attended maternal and child health clinics and those attending family planning clinics (n = 382).
Syphilis	2.4	Sullivan, 2003³	Vanuatu	547
	7	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621
	3.3	Gray, 2001⁵	Uganda	4033
	6.5	Rastogi, 2003¹⁰⁹		350
	3.8	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	4.0
	5*	Msuya, 2002¹¹¹	Tanzania	382
	2.5–17	Watson-Jones, 2002⁶	Tanzania	380

Chlamydia trachomatis	21.5	Sullivan, 2003³	Vanuatu	347
	9	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621
	6.2	Blankhart, 1999¹¹²	Central Africa Republic	481
	2.7	Gray 2001⁵	Uganda	4033
	20.8	Plummer, 1987²⁰	Kenya	1013
	18.8	Rastogi, 2003¹⁰⁹		350
	5.3	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	4.3
	10.1	Farley, 2003²⁴	United States	1631	77
	7–31	Marai, 2001¹¹³

Gonorrhoea	5.9	Sullivan, 2003³	Vanuatu	347
	1.7	Gray, 2001⁵	Uganda	4033
	6.7	Plummer, 1987²⁰	Kenya	1013
	3.9	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	1.7
	2.3	Farley, 2003²⁴	United States	1631	45
	3.1	Blankhart, 1999¹¹²	Central Africa Republic	481
	7	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621
	10–20	Shulz, 1987¹¹			5.9

Bacterial vaginosis	48.5	Gray, 2001⁵	Uganda	4033
	1.7	Rastogi, 2003¹⁰⁹		350
	4.3	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	4.5
	21.1	Blankhart, 1999¹¹²	Central Africa Republic	481
	9	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621
	24	Mayaud, 1998²⁵	Mwanza, Tanzania	660	13–31

Trichomoniasis	27.5	Sullivan, 2003³	Vanuatu	347
	15.9	Gray, 2001⁵	Uganda	4033
	1.7	Rastogi, 2003¹⁰⁹		350
	13.0	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	10.7
	9.9	Blankhart, 1999¹¹²		481
	23	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621

Herpes simplex virus	43.5	Rodrigues, 2002⁵⁵		763
	0.9	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	0.5
	6.7–53.4	Mindel 2000⁶⁰		2616

HIV	42.5	Latif, 1999¹¹⁰	Zimbabwe	1656	38.3
	15–30	Fawzi, 2002⁶³	African counties
	22	Fonck, 2000⁴	Kenya	621
	12.2	Blankhart, 1999¹¹²	Central African Republic	481
	24.3	Ayisi, 2003¹¹⁴	Kenya	2466