Rakwar30 | Cross sectional | Mombasa, Kenya 1993 | Trucking company employees | H ducreyi seropositive | H ducreyi seronegative | 501 | 87% | Clinical examination | 1.22
>(0.8 to 2.0) | 1.11
>(0.5 to 2.1) | Adjusted for age, marital status, history of CSW contact, history of alcohol intake, travel |
Hand7 | Case control | New York State 1945 | US Naval Hospital | Clinically diagnosed chancroid | Asymptomatic controls | 1529 | 22% | Clinical examination | 0.04
>(0.02 to 0.09) | 0.13
>(0.06 to 0.29) | Adjusted for race |
Lloyd39 | Cross sectional | London 1932 | STD clinic attenders | Clinically diagnosed chancroid | Asymptomatic controls | 110 | 23% | Clinical examination | 0.40
>(0.05 to 3.43) | – | |
Barile38 | Case-control | US military, Japan 1962 | US servicemen | Penile lesions | Asymptomatic controls | 82 | 43% | Clinical examination | 0.04
>(0.01 to 0.16) | – | 21/35 lesions had a definitive diagnosis, and 8 were H ducreyi |
Nasio40 | Case-control | Nairobi, Kenya 1993 | STD clinic attenders | Culture positive H ducreyi ulcer | Urethritis | 660 | 89% | Clinical examination | 0.59
>(0.32 to 1.09) | 0.66
>(0.35 to 1.24) | Among HIV negative men only. |
Cameron41 | Cohort | Nairobi, Kenya 1985 | STD clinic attenders | Genital ulcer disease* | Urethritis | 293 | 73% | Clinical examination | – | 0.62
>(0.50–0.76) | |
Hart42 | Cross sectional | Australian military 1970 | STD clinic attenders | Clinically diagnosed chancroid | Other STD clinic attenders | 1970 | 57% | Clinical examination | 0.21
>(0.14 to 0.29) | – | Comparison group included 52% no aetiology, 3% with herpes, 15% gonorrhoea, 14% urethritis |