Association of gender disadvantage factors with STI and BV/candida in a community sample of women in Goa, India
| Factor | Prevalence of STI (n = 2414) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | Prevalence of BV (n = 2432) | Adjusted OR† (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted for age, literacy, number of children in household, tap water in house, debt, and marital status. | ||||
| †Adjusted for age, ethnicity, number of bedrooms in household, and marital status where applicable. | ||||
| ‡Among married women only. | ||||
| Age at marriage‡ | p trend = = 0.37 | p trend = 0.01 | ||
| <18 years | 11 (7.7%) | 1 | 42 (29.4%) | 1 |
| 19–20 years | 28 (6.7%) | 1.12 (0.5 to 2.4) | 92 (21.9%) | 0.73 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| 21–24 years | 21 (3.5%) | 0.63 (0.3 to 1.4) | 117 (19.3%) | 0.64 (0.4 to 1.0) |
| >25 years | 23 (4.4%) | 0.87 (0.4 to 2.0) | 92 (17.3%) | 0.55 (0.3 to 0.9) |
| Husband verbal abuse‡ | p = 0.22 | p = 0.05 | ||
| No | 65 (4.5%) | 1 | 279 (19.3%) | 1 |
| Yes | 18 (7.2%) | 1.44 (0.8 to 2.5) | 64 (25.0%) | 1.38 (1.0 to 1.9) |
| Husband physical abuse‡ | p = 0.36 | p = 0.01 | ||
| No | 71 (4.6%) | 1 | 296 (19.2%) | 1 |
| Yes | 12 (7.5%) | 1.37 (0.7 to 2.6) | 47 (29.2%) | 1.65 (1.1 to 2.4) |
| Husband sexual abuse‡ | p = 0.73 | p = 0.03 | ||
| No | 79 (4.9%) | 1 | 322 (19.7%) | 1 |
| Yes | 4 (6.6%) | 1.21 (0.4 to 3.5) | 21 (32.8%) | 1.89 (1.1 to 3.3) |
| Concern about husband’s habits‡ | p = 0.09 | p = 0.02 | ||
| No | 68 (5.1%) | 1 | 252 (18.8%) | 1 |
| Yes | 15 (4.1%) | 0.61 (0.3 to 1.1) | 91 (25.3%) | 1.42 (1.1 to 1.9) |
| Social integration | p = 0.006 | p = 0.74 | ||
| High | 27 (3.6%) | 10 | 127 (16.6%) | 1 |
| Medium | 21 (2.6%) | 0.68 (0.4 to 1.2) | 142 (17.8%) | 1.08 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Low | 53 (6.2%) | 1.54 (0.9 to 2.5) | 163 (18.8%) | 1.10 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Family support | p = 0.46 | p = 0.07 | ||
| High | 47 (3.7%) | 1 | 199 (15.7%) | 1 |
| Medium | 33 (4.8%) | 1.38 (0.9 to 2.2) | 132 (19.1%) | 1.25 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Low | 21 (4.5%) | 1.10 (0.6 to 1.8) | 101 (21.4%) | 1.32 (1.0 to 1.7) |
| Autonomy | p = 0.10 | p = 0.48 | ||
| High | 39 (4.8%) | 1 | 143 (17.6%) | 1 |
| Medium | 32 (3.1%) | 0.66 (0.4 to 1.1) | 183 (17.6%) | 1.13 (0.9 to 1.5) |
| Low | 30 (5.2%) | 1.09 (0.7 to 1.8) | 106 (18.2%) | 1.17 (0.9 to 1.6) |