Results for behavioural outcomes at trial end points (excludes consistent condom use, fig 3)
| Trial | Outcome | Time period | Intervention group n/N or mean difference (SD) | Control group n/N or mean difference (SD) | Effect size (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI, confidence interval; MD, mean difference; n, number of events; N, number of participants; NS, not statistically significant (p⩾0.05); RR, relative risk; SD, standard deviation. | |||||
| Balmer, 199817 | Number of new sexual partners | Not stated | Paper reports NS reduction (absolute risk difference −0.6 per 100 person months), however data not shown | ||
| Boyer, 199724 | Proportion of sex acts protected by condoms | Entire study period (5 months) | −14.1% (47.7) N = 121 | −10.1% (47.3) N = 133 | MD −4.0% (−15.7 to 7.7) |
| Sexual partners engaging in unprotected sex | −0.6 (SD not reported) | −0.4 (SD not reported) | MD −0.2 (paper reports p<0.05) | ||
| Branson, 199825 | Used condom with most recent sexual partner | Last 3 months | 60/124 | 52/107 | RR 1.00 (0.76 to 1.30) |
| More than one sexual partner per month | 32/124 | 24/107 | RR 1.15 (0.73 to 1.83) | ||
| Imrie, 200118 | Most recent act of unprotected sex with partner of different/unknown HIV status | Entire study period (12 months) | 15/31 | 18/39 | RR 1.05 (0.64 to 1.72) |
| Kalichman, 199919 | Refused unsafe sex | Last 3 months | 32/43 | 23/38 | RR 1.23 (0.90 to 1.68) |
| Acts of unprotected intercourse | −3.6 (12.1) N = 43 | −5.9 (29.2) N = 38 | MD −2.3 (−7.7 to 12.3) | ||
| Proportion of sex acts protected by condoms | 23.8% (32.2) N = 43 | 21.3% (39.9) N = 38 | MD 2.5% (−12.1 to 17.1) | ||
| Number of sexual partners | −0.8 (4.1) N = 43 | −2.8 (7.3) N = 38 | MD 2.0 (−0.1 to 4.1) | ||
| Metzler, 200026 | Frequency of intercourse and condom use Number of sexual partners and non-monogamous partners | Entire study period (6 months) | Paper reports significant (p<0.05) decrease in sexual partners, non-monogamous partners, and contacts with strangers in intervention group relative to control, however data and effect size not shown | ||
| Sexual contacts with strangers | |||||
| NIMH, 199816 | Acts of unprotected intercourse | Last 3 months | −12.9 (47.6) N = 926 | −8.1 (58.8) N = 896 | MD −4.8 (−8.2 to −1.5) |
| Proportion of sex acts protected by condoms | 37.1% (34.4) N = 926 | 26.1% (34.1) N = 896 | MD 11.0% (7.9 to 14.2) | ||
| O’Leary, 199828 | “Risky” sex acts | Entire study period (3 months) | −0.8 (11.1) N = 292 | −0.7 (9.3) N = 180 | MD −0.1 (−1.5 to 1.3) |
| Proportion of sex acts protected by condoms | 16.0% (44.0) N = 292 | 17.0% (45.0) N = 180 | MD −1.0% (−9.3 to 7.3) | ||
| Number of sexual partners | −1.1 (5.0) N = 292 | −0.5 (3.7) N = 180 | MD −0.6 (−1.2 to 0.0) | ||
| Orr, 199621 | Never uses condoms | Entire study period (6 months) | 15/54 | 32/58 | RR 0.50 (0.31 to 0.82) |
| More than five acts of unprotected sex | Last 3 months | 175/249 | 182/228 | RR 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | |
| Shain, 199922 | More than one sexual partner | Last 3 months | 81/249 | 100/228 | RR 0.74 (0.59 to 0.93) |
| Avoiding sex with partner incompletely treated for STI or with STI symptoms | 210/249 | 163/228 | RR 1.18 (1.07 to 1.30) | ||
| Shrier, 200123 | Used a condom with most recent sexual partner | Entire study period (12 months) | 18/30 | 18/34 | RR 1.13 (0.74 to 1.74) |
| Frequency of condom use | 0.4 (SD not reported) | 0.4 (SD not reported) | MD 0.1 (paper reports NS) | ||
| Solomon, 198927 | Redemption of condom coupons | Not stated | 1.0 (0.6) N = 89 | 0.8 (0.6) N = 93 | MD 0.2 (0.0 to 0.4) |